Avangard Justice (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFiDvuSq2Iw), l’arma assoluta. Come reagirebbero gli Stati Uniti se la Russia schierasse bombe nucleari in Messico, a ridosso del territorio statunitense? “Se arriveranno i missili in Europa, poi l’Occidente non strilli se noi reagiremo. Noi sappiamo dove si trova il centro che cerca di dominare il mondo. E non si trova a Mosca. Gli Usa e i Paesi Nato – rivela il leader del Cremlino – spendono in difesa più di 700 miliardi di dollari all’anno. Poi voi pensate che siamo noi a voler comandare il mondo? Noi non cerchiamo dei vantaggi, ma conserviamo la parità strategica. La bandiera russa non può dare fastidio a nessuno. Non preoccupatevi, il gas non finisce: abbiamo più gas noi di tutto il resto del mondo”. Avvertimento ignorato dal Governo Conte, Di Maio e Salvini? Quale reazione ha suscitato in Italia l’avvertimento del Presidente russo Putin che il mondo sottovaluta il pericolo di guerra nucleare e che tale tendenza si sta accentuando? Il Pentagono ammette: “Il centro focale primario non sarà più il terrorismo ma la competizione tra le grandi potenze”. Putin è categorico, chiaro, preciso, razionale. Nessuna minaccia. Solo consigli amichevoli. “Un particolare pericolo – rivela il Presidente russo – è rappresentato dalla “tendenza ad abbassare la soglia per l’uso di armi nucleari, creando cariche nucleari tattiche a basso impatto che possono portare a un disastro nucleare globale”. A tale categoria appartengono le nuove bombe nucleari B61-12 che gli Usa cominceranno a schierare in Italia, Germania, Belgio, Olanda e forse in altri Paesi europei orientali nella prima metà del 2020. Pare che il Governo italiano al Consiglio Nord Atlantico del 4 Dicembre 2018 abbia avallato anche il piano Usa di installazione dei nuovi Euromissili anti-Russia, violando la Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana e le prerogative costituzionali del Parlamento. “L’alta precisione e la possibilità di usare testate meno distruttive – avverte la Federazione degli Scienziati Americani – possono portare i comandanti militari a premere perché, in un attacco, si usi la bomba nucleare, sapendo che la ricaduta radioattiva e il danno collaterale sarebbero limitati”. L’Italia è “corresponsabile del crescente pericolo di guerra nucleare poiché – spiega Manlio Dinucci – violando il Trattato di non-proliferazione e non aderendo al Trattato Onu per la proibizione delle armi nucleari, fornisce agli Stati Uniti in funzione principalmente anti-Russia non solo basi, ma anche aerei e piloti per l’uso delle bombe nucleari”. L’altro pericolo, avverte Putin, è rappresentato dalla “disintegrazione del sistema internazionale di controllo degli armamenti”, iniziata con il ritiro degli Stati Uniti nel 2002 dal Trattato Abm. Stipulato nel 1972 da Usa e Urss, esso proibiva a ciascuna delle due parti di schierare missili intercettori che, neutralizzando la rappresaglia del paese attaccato, avrebbero favorito un first strike, ossia un attacco nucleare di sorpresa. Da allora gli Stati Uniti hanno sviluppato lo “scudo anti-missili”, estendendolo in Europa a ridosso della Russia: due installazioni terrestri in Romania e Polonia e quattro navi da guerra, che incrociano nel Baltico e Mar Nero, sono dotate di tubi di lancio che, oltre ai missili intercettori, possono lanciare missili da crociera a testata nucleare. Anche in questo caso l’Italia è corresponsabile: a Sigonella è installata la Jtags, stazione satellitare Usa dello “scudo anti-missili”, una delle cinque nel mondo (www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAp2tnWCWQg). In caso di attacco, all’Italia resterebbero appena 10 minuti di vita! Tutti sanno che nell’Anno Domini 2015 la Federazione Russa è diventata la prima potenza militare convenzionale. Poi, nel 2018, con i riusciti test dei missili ipersonici nucleari, è diventata la prima potenza spaziale nucleare. Preoccupato che il rovesciamento della gerarchia del mondo possa uscire dai binari, il Presidente Putin ha richiamato alla ragione le potenze occidentali. Nessuna minaccia, come invece titolano i media occidentali. I membri della Nato non sembrano però consapevoli di quanto sta accadendo e dei nuovi pericoli all’orizzonte. A causa loro. Non della Russia: 160 milioni di cittadini in prima linea nella difesa della pace mondiale minacciata dai signori della guerra. La Grande Conferenza Stampa del Presidente Putin è stata totalmente travisata dai media occidentali. Nel 2018 il Pil russo è cresciuto dell’1,7%. Il tasso d’inflazione è al 4,1%. Il tasso di disoccupazione è al 4,8%. Crescono le riserve auree della Russia. Nel 2018 sono cresciute del 7%, passando da 432 miliardi a 464 miliardi di dollari. I giornalisti presenti in sala, quest’anno il numero di accreditati ha stabilito il nuovo record di 1702 cronisti, cercano di attirare l’attenzione del leader russo nei modi più bizzarri: mani alzate, cartelli, striscioni, bandiere, travestimenti. A fianco dei grandi media internazionali ci sono anche i corrispondenti delle testate locali russe. La prima conferenza fu nel 2001 durante il primo mandato presidenziale di Putin. Il record nel 2008, quando in 4 ore e 40 minuti il Presidente russo rispose a 106 domande. C’è un grosso problema di comunicazione tra la Russia e l’Occidente. E le sanzioni non aiutano certo a risolverlo, prima che la legge di Murphy “lasciata” a qualche computer quantistico impazzito con il sempre più probabile “missile dell’Apocalisse” termonucleare, decida il destino dell’Umanità. Non è casuale la russiafobia dei surreali sondaggi Ipsos per l’Ispi pubblicati dal Corriere della Sera il 24 Dicembre, Vigilia di Natale. Ma come? La Russia (http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/59455/videos) vittoriosa in Siria contro le armate del terrorismo Isis, viene giudicata con un misero 3% come la peggiore attrice per la pace nel mondo? Vergogna e ignoranza sembrano destinate a far estinguere la civiltà umana sulla faccia della Terra. Il risultato è disastroso per la Nato: mentre aumentano le vittime civili, i talebani guadagnano terreno. Alla guerra in Afghanistan partecipa, sotto comando Usa, l’Italia da oltre 15 anni, violando l’Articolo 11 della Costituzione. Ovviamente nulla di tutto questo troverete nelle videoconferenze istituzionali ai militari italiani impegnati nei teatri operativi all’estero. Sulle Isole Curili e i missili Usa in Giappone, la risposta di Putin è categorica: “In Giappone c’è già una base americana a Okinawa. Io so che il governatore di questa Prefettura e la gente sono contro un ampliamento della base. Noi siamo preoccupati dai piani di dislocazione di elementi di un sistema antimissile nucleare in Giappone da parte degli Usa: ribadisco che per noi non sono armi di difesa, ma parte del potenziale nucleare strategico americano dislocato in una zona periferica”. Gli eventi più significativi dell’Anno Domini 2018 per la Russia di Putin? Le elezioni presidenziali, il campionato del mondo Fifa e l’inizio della fine delle Guerre Umanitarie. Dopo 3 ore 52 minuti di diretta, si conclude la Grande Conferenza Stampa del Presidente Putin. Sono le ore 13:53 di Mosca. Si vis pacem, para bellum, è il balbettio senza senso che si ode in Occidente. La Russia (www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjzic0ankVs) si difende. Kalinka! Buon Anno Domini 2019.
(di Nicola Facciolini)
“Se arriveranno i missili in Europa, poi l’Occidente non strilli se noi reagiremo. Noi sappiamo dove si trova il centro che cerca di dominare il mondo. E non si trova a Mosca. Gli Usa e i Paesi Nato spendono in difesa più di 700 miliardi di dollari all’anno. Poi voi pensate che siamo noi a voler comandare il mondo? Noi non cerchiamo dei vantaggi, ma conserviamo la parità strategica. La bandiera russa non può dare fastidio a nessuno. Non preoccupatevi, il gas non finisce: abbiamo più gas noi di tutto il resto del mondo” (Presidente Vladimir Putin). Ristabilita la piena parità strategica nucleare grazie al supremo sistema missilistico ipersonico difensivo russo Avangard Justice, il leader del Cremlino offre la pace che l’Occidente rifiuta. Pare infatti che il Governo italiano al Consiglio Nord Atlantico del 4 Dicembre 2018 abbia avallato il piano Usa di installazione dei nuovi Euromissili anti-Russia, in aperta violazione della Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana e delle legittime prerogative del Parlamento. In un’intervista a Krasnaja Zvezda, il Generale Sergei Karakaev, comandante delle Forze Strategiche Missilistiche della Federazione Russa, afferma che i primi sistemi ipersonici Avangard saranno operativi nei primi giorni del nuovo Anno Domini 2019 nella 13esima Divisione Dombarovskij. Inizialmente, Avangard (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFiDvuSq2Iw) viene lanciato col missile balistico intercontinentale UR-100N UTTKh e poi dal nuovo missile Sarmat Justice. Avangard è un velivolo ipersonico subspaziale, raggiunge una quota operativa di 90 km, con una velocità di 7,5 km/s ovvero Mach 21. Ciò gli consente di intraprendere una traiettoria balistica negli strati rarefatti dell’atmosfera, senza andare nello spazio esterno. Avangard viaggia nell’atmosfera a 24.500 km/h, diversamente dai missili balistici, perché in grado di cambiare rotta e di volare orizzontalmente: caratteristiche “intelligenti” che impediscono al sistema Avangard di essere intercettato da qualsiasi scudo antibalistico. Tra l’onda d’urto sulla prua del velivolo Avangard e l’onda d’urto stazionaria ad essa collegata, vi è uno spazio di circa un metro costituito da plasma, il quarto stato della materia. È qui che la gigantesca energia cinetica viene trasformata in radiazioni. Gli scudi termici degli attuali missili balistici intercontinentali sono progettati per resistere solo ai requisiti di rientro dell’atmosfera per tre, cinque minuti al massimo, e non per manovre a lungo termine eseguite nell’atmosfera. Nella sua parte superiore, l’aria è molto rarefatta e la decomposizione termochimica dei materiali ad alta temperatura è dovuta alla pirolisi. Lo scudo termico del sistema Avangard è composto da elementi che, durante il processo di pirolisi, sono carbonizzati e sublimati, vale a dire passano direttamente dallo stato solido a quello gassoso. Il nuovo scudo termico russo blocca il trasferimento di calore dall’onda d’urto alla struttura dell’Avangard per 20 minuti mentre attraversa l’atmosfera verso il bersaglio. Durante il rientro, a differenza delle testate dei missili balistici o delle capsule spaziali Sojuz, il veicolo Avangard ha un’elevata finezza aerodinamica (rapporto portanza/resistenza). Ecco perché, ricevendo impulsi ripetitivi da un motore a bassa potenza, Avangard si comporta come un aliante, permettendogli di manovrare orizzontalmente, arrampicarsi e fare evoluzioni con leggere inclinazioni. La maggior parte degli esperti ritiene che il piccolo motore dell’Avangard sia uno scramjet, un sistema di propulsione a statoreattore con combustione supersonica. Questo tipo di motore consente ripetuti avviamenti e arresti, simili a quelli del missile ipersonico 3M22 Zircon. Il programma Avangard iniziò nel 2004. La versione di prova Ju-71 (Proekt 4202) fu testata nel tunnel aerodinamico nel 2011-2013. Successivamente, Ju-71 è stato lanciato coi missili strategici UR-100 e R-29RMU2. I parametri della traiettoria sono controllati da un computer con le coordinate russe “Gps” del bersaglio memorizzate nel veivolo. Si suppone che Avangard abbia una massa di 4,5 tonnellate. È dotato di una testata nucleare da due megatoni, a cui occorre sommare l’energia rilasciata dalla massa secondo la nota formula, e ha una gittata di 10mila km. Il 26 Dicembre 2018, il Presidente russo Vladimir Putin ha presenziato dalla sala operativa del ministero della Difesa a Mosca al riuscito test dell’arma ipersonica strategica Avangard. Un test destinato ad avere un importante impatto militare ma anche politico e diplomatico, suggellato dalla presenza di Putin, sempre attento a esaltare i progressi militari e l’impiego delle Forse Aerospaziali per la Pace mondiale. Lanciato da un vecchio vettore intercontinentale SS-19, l’Avangard è in grado di raggiungere obiettivi fino a 11mila chilometri di distanza, in pratica tutto il mondo se lanciato dalla Russia, trasportando nel caso anche testate nucleari multiple e indipendenti, in grado cioè di colpire più obiettivi con un solo missile, e volando a una velocità di quasi 25mila chilometri orari, quindi al riparo da ogni rischio di venire intercettato anche dai più avanzati sistemi di difesa antimissile oggi esistenti in Occidente. Putin ha annunciato in una riunione di governo che “la Russia ha un nuovo tipo di arma strategica e nel 2019 il nuovo sistema d’arma intercontinentale Avangard entrerà al servizio”. Il test ha visto il missile percorrere circa 6.000 chilometri dalla regione degli Urali fino alla catena del Kura, in Kamchatka. “Il test è stato un successo completo – sottolinea il Presidente Putin – siamo i primi ad avere questo tipo di arma strategica”. Putin mantiene quindi gli impegni assunti lo scorso 1° Marzo 2018 quando nello storico discorso sullo stato della nazione assicurò che la Russia avrebbe sviluppato armi “senza pari”, in grado di raggiungere qualsiasi punto del globo, pur negando che Mosca sia impegnata in una corsa agli armamenti. La Russia non è l’unica potenza a sviluppare armi ipersoniche. I Cinesi stanno lavorando a missili con elevate prestazioni di velocità. In effetti hanno già da qualche anno messo a punto un missile balistico a raggio intermedio da impiegare con testate convenzionali contro le portaerei statunitensi nel Pacifico e nel 2016 hanno testato il missile Xingkong-2 in grado di volare a 7mila chilometri orari. Gli Stati Uniti hanno programmi analoghi sia per missili a testata convenzionale basati a terra sviluppati nel programma “Prompt Global Strike” sia per armi ipersoniche destinate ad essere lanciate dagli aerei come l’AGM-183A Advanced Rapid Response Weapon Arrow e l’Hypersonic Conventional Strike Weapon (Hacksaw), accreditati di velocità pari almeno a Mach 10, come il russo Kinzhal lanciato dai micidiali caccia stratosferici Mig31. La velocità diventa quindi l’elemento più importante per riuscire a mantenere una deterrenza credibile sia in campo comvenzionale sia nucleare scoraggiando gli avversari dalla tentazione di attaccare per primi. Le armi ipersoniche di fatto rischiano di annullare o quanto meno ridurre il valore strategico degli “scudi” antimissile, i moderni e costosi sistemi di difesa sviluppati negli ultimi decenni per contrastare i missili da crociera e balistici a corto e medio raggio, anche se presto allo sviluppo di “spade” sempre più affilate e veloci si contrapporranno probabilmente analoghi, nelle prestazioni, “scudi” spaziali, cioè difese orbitali efficaci anche contro i missili ipersonici. Già oggi i Russi sostengono che il nuovo sistema S500 sia in grado di intercettare il Prompt Global Strike statunitense e in tutti i Paesi avanzati, anche in Europa, sono allo studio armi laser a lunga gittata, basate a terra o imbarcate su navi, potenzialmente in grado di abbattere armi iperveloci. La sfida in questo campo si gioca sulle frazioni del millisecondo. La minaccia dei missili ipersonici richiederà la disponibilità di sistemi di rilevamento precoce connessi alle armi di difesa anti-missile che individuino e neutralizzano i vettori attaccanti prima che si liberino i megatoni di energia cinetica e nucleare! Per reagire in tempi così stretti sarà necessario affidare sempre di più all’Intelligenza Artificiale la gestione della risposta ad attacchi di questo tipo, ma al di là dei contenuti tecnologici avveniristici il braccio di ferro tra le grandi potenze continuerà a giocarsi sulla deterrenza. Ossia sulla disponibilità di tecnologie e armi iperveloci, diffusa quanto basta per non illudere nessuno di poter scatenare un “first strike” nucleare vincente e risolutivo. In questa ottica il test del missile Avangard conferma che l’obiettivo strategico del Cremlino resta quello di garantirsi la possibilità di colpire con armi atomiche e cinetiche obiettivi in tutto il mondo, mantenendo una forte deterrenza e lo status di grande potenza globale, in linea con le prospettive di crescita del PIL russo sicuramente superiori a quello italiano. Anche la fase di collaudo degli aerei Su57 è conclusa. Il nuovo motore garantisce un regime di super crociera, ossia un volo supersonico senza sforzo. Sono state testate nuove armi adattate ai compartimenti carenati del Su57. La catena di produzione russa è già in grado di fabbricare trenta Su57 l’anno e, se ce ne fosse richiesta anche dall’Italia, potrebbe produrne oltre 60. Un Su57 costa la metà di un F35. Ciononostante, entro l’Anno Domini 2020 la Russia metterà in servizio solo 12 esemplari di Su57, motivando la scelta con la concezione difensiva degli aerei invisibili, cui attribuisce la missione di creare un corridoio di “penetrazione” nella difesa antiaerea nemica. La missione del Su57 è colpire la rete di radar di localizzazione terrestri, nonché i radar che dirigono i missili antiaerei e l’aviazione nemica al suolo, lungo l’asse principale della progressione delle truppe terrestri. Compiuta la missione da parte del Su57, gli aerei di quarta generazione, che secondo gli analisti non sono invisibili ai radar, ma che hanno una dotazione in armi cinque volte superiore a quella del Su57, godono di totale libertà d’azione contro gli obiettivi a terra. La Russia sta tenendo da parte il Su57 e l’S400 come moneta di scambio per promuovere i propri interessi di politica estera multipolare? Nei prossimi dieci anni gli Stati del Golfo non riceveranno F35 americani. Potranno però ottenere il Su57 e l’S400 se contribuiranno finanziariamente alla ricostruzione della Siria e se si allineeranno agli interessi multipolari della Russia in Medio Oriente, anche con riguardo al costo delle risorse energetiche che in Occidente hanno “stimolato” il massacro, conto terzi, di oltre mezzo milione di Siriani accanto ai milioni di morti delle Guerre Umanitarie spacciate per missioni di pace all’estero. E’ poco probabile che gli interessi della Russia in Siria e sul confine meridionale saranno minacciati. Tuttavia, in caso di necessità il super caccia Su57 sarà utilizzato in Siria e probabilmente in Iran e Afghanistan. L’Egitto potrebbe acquisire i Su57 e gli S400 Triumph qualora la flotta militare russa desiderasse tornare nelle vecchie basi di Alessandria e di Port-Saïd. La flotta russa del Mar Nero è già presente nel Mediterraneo orientale. Se gli Stati Uniti escono dal trattato INF, stracciando la pace mondiale, e dispiegano missili nucleari di media gittata in Europa sui confini russi, compresa l’Ucraina ormai invasa dalla Nato, il Venezuela potrebbe ricevere il Su57 e il sistema S400, in cambio dell’uso di basi militari da parte della Russia. La distanza tra il Venezuela e Washington è di appena 3.000 chilometri, viaggio che un missile a media gittata percorre in 11-12 minuti. Il tempo di sopravvivenza dell’Italia, che si appresta ad ospitare gi Euromissili, a una ritorsione nucleare. Tutti sanno che nell’Anno Domini 2015 la Federazione Russa è diventata la prima potenza militare convenzionale. Poi, nel 2018, con i riusciti test dei missili ipersonici nucleari, è diventata la prima potenza spaziale nucleare. Preoccupato che il rovesciamento della gerarchia del mondo possa uscire dai binari, il Presidente Putin ha richiamato alla ragione le potenze occidentali. Nessuna minaccia, come invece titolano i media occidentali russofobi che proseguono la loro campagna di delegittimazione della Russia coerentemente con gli indirizzi politici e programmatici “bipartisan” del Pentagono e della Casa Bianca. I membri della Nato non sembrano però consapevoli di quanto sta accadendo e dei nuovi pericoli all’orizzonte nell’Anno Domini 2019. A causa loro. Non della Russia. Il presidente russo Vladimir Putin, il 20 Dicembre 2018, nel rispondere alle domande dei giornalisti nella tradizionale Grande Conferenza Stampa di fine anno in diretta dal Centro del Commercio Internazionale di Mosca, evento totalmente travisato dai media occidentali, è categorico, chiaro, preciso, razionale. Nessuna minaccia. Solo consigli amichevoli. C’è un grosso problema di comunicazione tra la Russia e l’Occidente. E le sanzioni non aiutano certo a risolverlo, prima che la legge di Murphy “lasciata” a qualche computer quantistico impazzito con il sempre più probabile “missile dell’Apocalisse” termonucleare, decida il destino dell’Umanità che un pugno di uomini e donne rifiutano di salvare. Non è casuale la russiafobia dei surreali sondaggi Ipsos per l’Ispi pubblicati dal Corriere della Sera il 24 Dicembre 2018, Vigilia di Natale. Ma come? La Russia (http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/59455/videos) vittoriosa in Siria contro le armate del terrorismo Isis, viene giudicata con un misero 3% come la peggiore attrice per la pace nel mondo? Vergogna e ignoranza faranno estinguere la civiltà umana sulla faccia della Terra. Il Presidente Putin, capo di Stato di 160 milioni di cittadini russi, prende la parola per primo, alle ore 10:09 locali. Saluta i presenti ed enuncia alcuni dati statistici sull’economia russa: nel 2018 il Pil russo è cresciuto dell’1,7%. Il tasso d’inflazione è al 4,1%. Il tasso di disoccupazione è al 4,8%. I giornalisti presenti in sala, quest’anno il numero di accreditati ha stabilito il nuovo record di 1702 cronisti, cercano di attirare l’attenzione del leader russo nei modi più bizzarri: mani alzate, cartelli, striscioni, bandiere, travestimenti. A fianco dei grandi media internazionali ci sono anche i corrispondenti delle testate locali russe. La prima conferenza fu nel 2001 durante il primo mandato presidenziale di Putin. Il record nel 2008, quando in 4 ore e 40 minuti il presidente russo rispose a 106 domande. Il portavoce del Presidente Putin, Dmitry Peskov, modera la conferenza stampa e dà la parola ai giornalisti, ma avverte: “Il Presidente è molto paziente e risponde a tutte le domande, ma non ama quando gli chiedono le stesse cose già chieste in precedenza”. La Russia sta per dichiarare il mar d’Azov suo? “L’accordo vigente sulla navigazione nel mar d’Azov – spiega Putin – stabilisce che le acque territoriali degli stati, Russia e Ucraina, terminano a 5 km dalla costa. Quando dalle autorità ucraine sono stati fermati i pescatori russi, loro non si trovavano entro questa distanza. Eppure sono stati arrestati. A Settembre delle navi ucraine hanno attraversato lo stretto senza problemi”. Presidente, qual è stato l’evento principale dell’anno? “Le elezioni presidenziali ed il Campionato del Mondo di calcio”. I giornalisti presenti avvertono che dopo tre ore di diretta, la conferenza stampa sta per finire e fanno sempre più rumore. Putin chiede di calmarsi: “Colleghi, vediamo di non trasformare questa conferenza stampa in una manifestazione di piazza. Che non è stata autorizzata”. Poi una domanda dal Wall Street Journal: “Presidente, lei vuole comandare il mondo, è vero?”. Putin risponde: “Certo! Noi sappiamo dove si trova il centro che cerca di fare questo. E non si trova a Mosca. Gli Usa e i Paesi Nato spendono in difesa più di 700 miliardi di dollari all’anno. Poi voi pensate che siamo noi a voler comandare il mondo?”. Peskov ammonisce: “Domande più brevi”. E la domanda più corta arriva. Una giornalista esordisce chiedendo prima di tutto scusa ai teleoperatori perché la sua bandiera russa ostacola la visuale delle telecamere. Il Presidente Putin precisa: “La bandiera russa non può dare fastidio a nessuno”. Viene data la parola ai corrispondenti di media locali russi. Le domande riguardano aspetti della vita di tutti i giorni: la costruzione di scuole, ospedali, complessi sportivi, le tariffe dei servizi, la raccolta dei rifiuti e la termovalorizzazione. Un giornalista di Vladivostok chiede al Presidente un aiuto per trasferire un bambino malato a Mosca. Putin accetta. Poi, sulla Brexit e le relazioni tra Gran Bretagna e Russia, rimarca che le “le relazioni tra Russia e Gran Bretagna si trovano in un vicolo chiuso ed è nell’interesse di entrambi i Paesi uscire da questo. La Brexit avrà delle ripercussioni su tutta l’economia europea e mondiale, quindi anche su di noi indirettamente, ma al momento le principali aziende britanniche rimangono sul nostro mercato e in maniera molto attiva, come nel caso di BP che resta uno dei partner di Rosneft”. Sui gilet gialli parigini, Putin osserva: “Bisogna dare a tutti i cittadini la possibilità di esprimere il proprio dissenso, anche in pubblico, ma tutte queste manifestazioni devono venire svolte nel rispetto della legge. Per quanto riguarda la protesta in Francia – dichiara Putin – è vero che sono legate alla crescita dei prezzi, ma hanno generato una reazione a catena di malcontento nei confronti del governo, soprattutto tra la popolazione autoctona francese: secondo gli ultimi dati la protesta è appoggiata dal 70% dei francesi”. Putin è di buon umore e lo dimostra con le sue battute. “Di recente, durante delle trattative ad un mio collega internazionale hanno chiesto: com’è da voi la situazione sui diritti della persona? E lui ha risposto così: sui diritti di quale persona?”. Le domande dei giornalisti vertono sui temi più diversi: dall’introduzione della raccolta differenziata in Russia, alle politiche agricole, al presunto “scisma” all’interno della Chiesa ortodossa. C’è spazio anche per il gossip presidenziale. Quando si sposa Putin? Divertente è il botta e risposta tra Putin e un giornalista della tv russa Life: “Presidente, quando si sposa? Lei è sposato? Si, sono sposato. Ecco lui è sposato e vuole che a me capiti lo stesso. Diciamo così: come tutte le brave persone prima o poi mi toccherà farlo”. Che cosa pensa delle sanzioni contro la Crimea? “Se gli abitanti della Crimea hanno votato – osserva Putin – vuol dire che non è un’annessione. Eppure contro tutti gli abitanti della Crimea hanno approvato delle sanzioni: nei pagamenti, nell’emissione dei visti, nella libertà di spostamento. Se è un’annessione, qual è il motivo di queste sanzioni? Se invece si tratta del risultato di un voto, allora riconoscetelo”. Il Presidente Trump o chi per lui, pare abbia annunciato il “ritiro” dei militari Usa dalla Siria: che cosa ne pensa? “Non capisco che cosa significa. In Afghanistan i soldati Usa ci sono da 18 anni e ogni anno annunciano il ritiro, ma rimangono sempre lì. Per il momento non abbiamo visto nessuna traccia del loro ritiro. Al momento la priorità è la regolarizzazione politica della situazione in Siria. Se gli Usa hanno preso la decisione di ritirarsi dalla Siria, si tratta di una decisione giusta. La presenza di militari statunitensi in Siria è irregolare, perchè non c’è stato alcun mandato del Consiglio di Sicurezza dell’Onu nè alcuna richiesta del governo legittimamente eletto”. Superata la prima ora e mezza di diretta, i giornalisti sono sempre più rumorosi. Nella pause tra una domanda e l’altra, cercano di attirare l’attenzione del Presidente Putin, facendo sempre più rumore e gridando delle parole a caso per farsi riconoscere. Ad un giornalista che continuava a gridare “gas”, Putin risponde: “Non preoccupatevi, il gas non finisce: abbiamo più gas noi di tutto il resto del mondo”. Presidente, come giudica le relazioni tra Cina e Russia? “Nel 2018 Russia e Cina hanno raggiuno un interscambio pari a 100 miliardi di dollari – rivela Putin – è un indicatore importante ed un grande risultato. Le relazioni cino-russe sono uno strumento di distensione nel quadro globale”. Presidente, crede che sia possibile un ritorno del socialismo in Russia? “No, non credo sia possibile. Se invece parliamo di socialistizzazione in termini di ridistribuzione equa delle risorse, di una politica nazionale improntata alla riduzione della povertà, di sostegno ad istruzione e sanità – osserva Putin – questa è la direzione del nostro corso politico attuale”. La Russia non teme nuove sanzioni? “No. È sempre la stessa cosa. In tutta la sua storia la Russia è sempre stata oggetto di restrizioni. Questo accade per un solo motivo – rileva Putin – la crescita della potenza della Russia. Nessuno vuole fare i conti con un giocatore importante, ma gli tocca. In Russia vivono 160 milioni di persone, noi difendiamo i loro interessi. A causa delle sanzioni i Paesi occidentali hanno perso il mercato russo e questo ha portato ad una perdita di posti di lavoro: in Spagna la disoccupazione è al 15%, in Russia al 4%. Ci sono degli aspetti positivi e degli aspetti negativi nelle sanzioni: noi abbiamo dovuto chiudere il mercato delle importazioni nell’agroalimentare, ma in questo settore i nostri produttori hanno una crescita che diversamente sarebbe stata impossibile”. Dopo i casi Skripal e Khashoggi e l’arresto della direttrice di Huawei in Canada, non c’è il rischio di vedere qualcosa di simile anche in Russia? Sull’arresto di Meng Whanzhou, il Presidente Putin precisa: “Non voglio commentare quello che succede tra America e Cina, o dire chi è stato arrestato in cambio di cosa. Non serve usare la legge del taglione: in Russia viene fermato chi non rispetta le leggi, indipendentemente dalla nazionalità, noi non arresteremo nessuno senza motivo”. Sul caso Skripal, Putin rivela: “Skripal è vivo, ma nei confronti della Russia sono state applicate altre sanzioni. Khashoggi è stato ucciso e dopo pieno silenzio. Se non ci fosse stato il caso Skripal avrebbero inventato qualcos’altro. Lo scopo di queste manovre mi è chiaro: ostacolare la Russia come concorrente sulla scena mondiale”. Sulle Isole Curili e i missili Usa in Giappone, la risposta di Putin è categorica: “In Giappone c’è già una base americana a Okinawa. Io so che il governatore di questa Prefettura e la gente sono contro un ampliamento della base. Noi siamo preoccupati dai piani di dislocazione di elementi di un sistema antimissile nucleare in Giappone da parte degli Usa: ribadisco che per noi non sono armi di difesa, ma parte del potenziale nucleare strategico americano dislocato in una zona periferica”. Sulla firma dell’accordo di pace con il Giappone, Putin riconosce: “Il processo è difficile, ma siamo pronti insieme ai colleghi giapponesi ad arrivare ad un compromesso”. Putin risponde alla domanda di un giornalista ucraino: “L’Ucraina resta uno dei nostri principali partner commerciali. Quest’anno è cresciuto l’interscambio commerciale. Tra i nostri popoli ci sono dei legami naturali, secolari, che prima o poi si faranno sentire. Però finchè nei corridoi di potere di Kiev ci saranno dei russofobi che non capiscono gli interessi del proprio popolo, questa situazione anormale proseguirà, indipendentemente da chi siede o siederà al Cremlino”. Presidente, che cosa pensa della “provocazione” nello stretto di Kerch?, domanda Vesti Tv. “Per prima cosa dice provocazione, quindi vuol dire che di questo si è trattato. Le provocazioni – avverte Putin – sono sempre una cosa cattiva. Attualmente in Ucraina è in corso la campagna elettorale ed è chiaro che l’incidente nello stretto di Kerch è stato fatto per aumentare il rating di uno dei candidati, ma chiaramente a scapito degli interessi del proprio popolo e del proprio paese. Lo scopo è stato raggiunto, mi sembra, perchè dal quinto posto si è spostato al 2° e al 3°”. Presidente, ha paura di una nuova guerra nucleare e di un attacco degli Usa? “Se succede questo – confessa Putin – porterà alla distruzione dell’umanità e del pianeta. Questa tendenza alla sottovalutazione del problema sta crescendo. Dopo l’uscita degli Usa dall’accordo sulla non costruzione di nuovi sistemi antimissile. Dopo noi siamo stati obbligati a creare un nuovo sistema di difesa antimissile e, poi, ci hanno detto che la Russia ha avuto un vantaggio. Ora gli Usa escono dal trattato INF. Che poi non dicano che cerchiamo dei vantaggi. Noi non cerchiamo dei vantaggi, ma conserviamo la parità”. Presidente, è soddisfatto dell’operato del governo Medvedev? “Si, nel complesso sono soddisfatto”. Cambierà la struttura dell’economia russa? “Dobbiamo entrare in una nuova lega per qualità della nostra economia. La Russia – rivela Putin – deve diventare la quinta economia del mondo. Dal 2021 il governo pianifica una crescita del 3%”. Alla Russia, dunque, occorre un balzo e Putin sottolinea che al Paese serva fare un passo avanti: “Senza obiettivi non è possibile raggiungere nessun risultato: per questo abbiamo creato 12 progetti di interesse nazionale nella scienza, nella ricerca, nella sanità, nell’istruzione”. Economia e nuove tecnologie: sono queste le due politiche ritenute fondamentali dal Presidente Putin. Crescono le riserve auree della Russia. Nel 2018 sono cresciute del 7%, passando da 432 miliardi a 464 miliardi di dollari. Il Presidente Putin dichiara: “Good afternoon, colleagues, friends. Let us begin our traditional end-of-year meeting that we call a news conference. As always, I will spend just a few brief seconds to sum up the results of the outgoing year. A lot has been said already, but I have the latest data reflecting the most recent results, some just a couple of days old. In the first nine months of 2018, GDP increased by 1.7 percent, while the Economic Development Ministry expects the annual increase to total 1.8 percent. Industrial output was growing at a faster pace, totalling 2.9 percent in the first ten months of 2018, with the annual results expected at 3 percent, up from a 2.1 percent growth in 2017. In addition, processing industries have been growing at a somewhat faster pace of 3.2 percent. In the first three quarters fixed capital investment increased by 4.1 percent. Cargo shipments and retail trade are on the rise, having increased by 2.6 percent. Consumer demand growth has been apparent. This is a positive factor. After a lengthy interval, the population’s real income has shown some, albeit very moderate, growth. According to the latest statistics, real incomes will increase by 0.5 percent. I hope that this momentum will be maintained, since real pay levels are on the rise, having grown by 7.4 percent in the first nine months, which is expected to give us 6.9 or 7 percent by the end of the year. Inflation remains at an acceptable level, although it has increased a little in the past week, by 0.5 percent, I think. Therefore, we will be able to reach the Central Bank’s reference rate of 4 percent and will have an inflation rate of 4.1 percent to 4.2 percent – somewhere just over 4 percent. The unemployment rate is going down, which is good news. If last year it hit a historical low of 5.2 percent, this year it will be even lower – 4.8 percent. The trade balance surplus is growing. In 2017, if you remember, it was around $115 billion. Over the three quarters of this year we already achieved $157 million. As of the end of the year, we expect it to reach $190 billion. Our finances are growing stronger. Our gold and foreign currency reserves have grown by over 7 percent. In the early 2018, they amounted to $432 billion while now they stand at almost $464 billion. For the first time since 2011, we will have a budget surplus. We are about to reach the federal budget surplus of 2.1 percent of the GDP. The National Welfare Fund has grown by around 22 percent. The average annual insurance component of the retirement pension stood at 13,677 rubles in 2017. By the end of this year, it will be 14,163 rubles. Life expectancy has also increased slightly compared to 2017, from 72.7 to 72.9 years. These are the general results that I wanted to mention in the beginning. Let’s not waste our time and proceed to your questions and my attempts to answer them. I will have to begin by saying a few words on whether these projects are needed, since you said that some question this. I have said it on numerous occasions, and I will repeat it today. We need a breakthrough. We need to transition to a new technological paradigm. Without it, the country has no future. This is a matter of principle, and we have to be clear on this. How can this be done? We need to focus the available resources, find and channel them to the essential development initiatives. How can these efforts be organised? By simply distributing money, and that’s it? First, we had to find this money. It took us the entire year 2017 to articulate the objectives and find the resources. Both the Government and the Presidential Executive Office contributed to this effort. By the way, when some call for more changes within the Cabinet, we have to understand that it was the Government’s financial and economic block that developed the national development programme to 2024. For this reason, they are the ones who must take responsibility for the plans they made. There is no way around it. So how should this effort be organised? By simply distributing money? After all, as much as 20.8 trillion rubles are expected to go into the national projects alone, and another 6.5 trillion will be invested in a separate infrastructure development plan. Of course, the allocation of these resources has to be set forth in documents of some kind on achieving breakthroughs. You can refer to these development plans any way you wish. We call them national projects. After all, it makes it clear that there are goals that have to be achieved. If there are no objectives, you will never achieve the final outcome, no matter how you manage these investments. It is for this reason that the 12 national projects were developed alongside an infrastructure development plan. Let me remind you of the main vectors. Healthcare, education, research and human capital come first, since without them there is no way a breakthrough can be achieved. The second vector deals with manufacturing and the economy. Of course, everything is related to the economy, including the first part. But the second part is directly linked to the economy, since it deals with the digital economy, robotics, etc. I have already mentioned infrastructure. Why did we have this meeting in Yalta, Crimea, to discuss with our colleagues from the Government and the regions how we will proceed in these efforts? Because there are questions on how to assess performance under these projects. We need effective controls, while making sure that all efforts by the federal centre to monitor what is happening in the regions are effective. It is true that there are challenges in this regard, but we are working on them. So what is the tricky part? The tricky part is that funding mostly comes from the federal centre, and this applies to all programmes, while most of the efforts are undertaken in the regions. The regions must be ready to work constructively. Instead of simply hiking up prices in response to an increase in the available funds, they must focus on achieving concrete results that will be clearly visible. This is the first point I wanted to make. Second, we need to understand whether they will be able to succeed. This is a real question. Some argue that this would be impossible. But this is what we hear from those who must deliver. Instead of having these thoughts they need to work on delivering on these objectives, and if they feel that they are unable to do so, they have to clear the way for those who are positive about their ability to deliver and are ready to work. To tell you the truth, I have not seen anyone who did not want to do it or said that it was impossible. These messages come from outside observers. Without ambitious goals we will never achieve anything. For this reason, I do hope that the federal centre and the regions will be able to work together in a consolidated and positive manner. Yes, some indicators have to be adjusted. Our colleagues from the regions have submitted their proposals to this effect, and I have high hopes that the Government will take them into consideration and adjust specific indicators so that we can move forward effectively. Look, economic growth has been one percent per year for a certain period of time. But, first of all, it was while Mr Kudrin was Deputy Prime Minister, so you must not blame the mirror for showing a crooked face, as they say. This is the first point. The second is, one should not just count mechanically. I have great respect for Mr Kudrin, he is my friend and a good professional, and as a rule, I listen to his recommendations. He is a reliable specialist, a good one. But look, from 2008 to 2018, the economy grew by about 7.4 percent. In simple maths – yes, it equals one percent, a little more. However, let us not forget how the economy developed. There were higher growth rates, alternating with recessions associated with the global crisis. In 2009, after the crisis in the global economy, not in ours – Russia was not the cause of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, it came to us from the outside – the decline was about 7.8 percent. Then little by little, we were crawling out of it for many years. Then, in 2014–2015, another meltdown occurred – a collapse in the oil prices, our main exports. That is why I am saying we should not simply count mechanically. However, of course, the country’s GDP, the GDP growth rate is one of the main indicators. But we will not be able to achieve the GDP growth rates necessary for this breakthrough unless the structure of the economy is changed. This is what the national projects are aimed at, and why such enormous funds will be invested, which I have already said – to change the structure and build an innovation-based economy. The Government is counting on this, because if this happens, and we should all work towards this, then the growth rates will increase and there will be other opportunities for development. By the way, you mentioned the projected 2 percent growth for the next two years. Yes, in the next years, 2019–2020, two percent each, but from 2021, the Government is already planning 3 percent, and then more. Therefore, I strongly hope that we will manage to do all this. Some fluctuations are probably possible, but, I repeat, the most important thing is that we need… Do you see what we need to do? We need to join another league of economies, and not only in terms of volumes. I think that taking the fifth place in terms of volume is quite possible. We used to rank fifth in terms of the economy, in purchasing power parity, and we will do it again, I think. However, we need to ascend to another league in terms of the quality of the economy. This is what our national projects are aimed at. As I said in my opening remarks, for the first time since 2011 we will have a budget surplus of 2.1 percent. And this is good. Let us not forget that as an oil producing country and a country that derives much of its revenue from selling oil and gas, we also have what is called a non-oil-and-gas deficit. This is what the country earns from selling products and services other than oil and gas. Let me remind you that this non-oil-and-gas deficit was 13 percent in 2009, which is a lot. In the early 2000s, it was at about 3 percent, but the global economic crisis forced us to use our oil revenues to meet our social commitments and finance the Armed Forces, so we had to tap into the oil revenues. In this situation, the non-oil-and-gas deficit surged into the double digits almost reaching13 percent, I believe. This was a very serious challenge for the Russian economy. We have now reduced it to 6.6 percent, and next year it is expected to decline to 6 percent and remain at this level for the next few years. This is a very important indicator of economic resilience for the Russian Federation. Therefore, the increase in the VAT rate, among other things, is due to the need to maintain the non-oil-and-gas deficit at a certain level. Second, in many countries VAT is 20 percent or even higher. It used to be higher in Russia as well, but we reduced it at a certain point. Now we have returned to a 20-percent tax rate. However, the effective VAT rate for the overall economy will be below 20 percent since almost all benefits remain in place: for pharmaceuticals, children’s goods, and so on, including for IT companies. Many benefits have been preserved. With this in mind, the effective rate will be actually lower. Finally, I do hope that the rate hike will be only a one-off measure with a possible slight increase in prices and inflation in the beginning of the year, after which the inflation will go down. The Central Bank also seeks to prevent inflation from picking up. Only recently, the interest rate was increased by 0.25 percentage points. While there are definitely both benefits and disadvantages to this decision, all this is done in order to prevent inflation and prices from growing. For this reason, I believe that the overall decision was correct and balanced, creating additional budget revenue and the possibility to deliver on our development plans as part of the national projects. As for increases in housing and utilities tariffs, over the past years they grew by about 4 percent per year. It is true that next year there will be two hikes: the first one will be at about 1.7 percent, and the second one I think will be about 2.4 percent, but in total this still makes up 4.1 percent. Why will the increase be spread out in two stages? The reason is that with a higher VAT, prices of some goods and services are expected to increase, and we need to make sure that the utilities sector does not come under stress. For this reason, in order to shield companies in this sector from these developments and ultimately in the interests of the people, we decided to proceed in two stages. That said, the overall increase should not exceed 4.1 percent. In some regions, where the utilities infrastructure requires major upgrades and bigger hikes are required, this can be done as an exception, and subject to federal Government approval. The first objective of the federal government is to honour its obligations related to the facilities which trigger the development of Akademgorodok – which, by the way, is the opportunity to earn money on these high technologies. The social component will definitely be carried out after this. But if any additional action is required to resolve the scientists’ social issues, of course, we will try to do it. By the way, the mortgage sector has been growing lately. We will support it as well. It is growing very fast for everybody. The growth of the mortgage sector stands at over 20 percent. But, of course, we will try to address these issues for Akademgorodok. If there is a critical need for a response from the federal government, we will discuss it. Frankly speaking, I am not aware of the problems of this flax research institute. But in general, flax is one of Russia’s traditional industries. It has always been our signature product, our pride. I will look into this situation. Usually the problem is worse than it appears from the outside. I just do not know the details of what is going on with that institute – although, of course, flax production, once again, has always been Russia’s pride. If the industry needs this institute, it may be preserved, but we need to understand how this can be done. I promise you to look into this. Now over to industrial production. As I said, industrial growth in general is ahead of GDP growth at 3 percent. The processing industry has grown by 3.2 percent. This is a good performance indicator. As concerns light industry, it is developing even faster. Over the ten months of this year, food production has grown by 13 percent, which is, by the way, confirmed by the consumption figures that are generally growing. Clothing and footwear industries posted a growth of 9 percent, a very good result. Now, is government support sufficient or not? It is not. This is why we have mapped out a number of programmes to support specific production sectors. Overall, by 2024, this support will amount to 1.376 trillion rubles and will extend to the light industry, aviation, the defence industry and some other sectors. We have individual programmes for major industries. Next year, they will receive 450 billion rubles in support. The year after, it will be 450 to 470 billion rubles. These are the indicators, the figures. The total funding stands at 1.376 trillion rubles. I just thought that all this, including the danger of such developments in the world, is now being hushed up and played down to some extent. It seems impossible or something that is not so important. At the same time, if, God forbid, something like this happens, it might destroy the whole of civilisation or perhaps the entire planet. These issues are therefore serious, and it is a great pity that there is such a tendency to underestimate the problem, and that this tendency is probably becoming more pronounced. What are the current distinguishing features and dangers? First, all of us are now witnessing the disintegration of the international system for arms control and for deterring the arms race. This process is taking place after the United States withdrew from the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty that, as I have already noted a thousand times, was the cornerstone in the sphere of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and deterring the arms race. After that, we were forced to respond by developing new weapons systems that could breach these ABM systems. Now, we hear that Russia has gained an advantage. Yes, this is true. So far, the world has no such weapons systems. Leading powers will develop them, but, as yet they do not exist. In this sense, there are certain advantages. But, speaking of the entire strategic balance, this is just an element of deterrence and for equalising parities. This is just the preservation of parity, and nothing more. They are now about to take another step and withdraw from the INF Treaty. What will happen? It is very difficult to imagine how the situation will unfold. What if these missiles show up in Europe? What are we supposed to do then? Of course, we will need to take some steps to ensure our safety. And they should not whine later that we are allegedly trying to gain certain advantages. We are not. We are simply trying to maintain the balance and ensure our security. The same goes for the START III Treaty, which expires in 2021. There are no talks on this issue. Is it because no one is interested, or believes it is necessary? Fine, we can live with that. We will ensure our security. We know how to do it. But in general, for humanity, this is very bad, because this takes us to a very dangerous line. Finally, there is another circumstance I cannot ignore. There is a trend to lower the threshold for the use of nuclear weapons. There are plans to create low-impact nuclear charges, which translates to tactical rather than global use. Such ideas are coming from Western analysts who say it is okay to use such weapons. However, lowering the threshold can lead to a global nuclear disaster. This is one danger we are facing today. The second is the use of non-nuclear ballistic missiles. True, our US partners seem to have dropped this idea, but it still exists. What does it mean? Suppose, a ballistic missile is launched, nuclear or non-nuclear. The missile attack warning system identifies the launch and the launch site, and, seconds later, determines the flight path and the possible warhead landing area. This is all on the verge of a possible error. It is terrible, and we cannot take it that far. Nevertheless, such an idea of using non-nuclear ballistic missiles exists. Suppose, a submarine fired a ballistic missile from the World Ocean, but who the hell knows if it is nuclear or not, go figure. This is very dangerous. All of that is being widely discussed, which is dangerous. However, I believe humanity has enough common sense and enough of a sense of self-preservation not to take these things to the extreme. With regard to your first question, you said: “Do you think this provocation was a success?” First, let us state that it was a provocation, and you agree with that. This is already a good start. Now, whether it was a success or not, I believe provocations are a bad thing whatever way you look at them. Provocations seek to aggravate things. Why do our Ukrainian partners need things to go that way? Clearly, they are in the middle of an election campaign right now, and they want to aggravate the situation in order to raise the ratings of one of the contenders, I mean the incumbent president and the current government. Well, this is bad, it is ultimately bad for the interests of the Ukrainian people and state. However, it is possible to move forward without any provocations and do so calmly, as before. Whether it was a success or not, I mean in terms of improving popularity ratings, maybe it was, as Mr Poroshenko’s ratings seem to have increased a little and he has moved from the fifth position to the second or third, where the figure fluctuates around 12 percent. Ms Tymoshenko, I believe, has 20 percent or even more, whereas Zelinsky, Boyko and Poroshenko have around 12 percent each. In this sense, yes, he probably achieved the goal. At the expense of the country’s interests, I believe. This is a bad way to boost ratings. With regard to the future of the Ukrainian servicemen, they were sent on this mission and some of them were expected to die in the process. I can see that the leadership is very upset by the fact that no one died. They expected some of them to die. Thank God, this did not happen. An investigation is underway. Once it is over, we will know what to do with them. Still, I will ask you to give the microphone to our colleague from Ukraine. Regarding the suffering of the people who live in Donbass. You are a Ukrainian citizen, aren’t you? And you consider the people who live on this territory to be the citizens of your country. Can you tell me who established the blockade between Donbass and the rest of Ukraine? Did Russia do it? The Ukrainian authorities did it: they imposed a total economic blockade of the territory they consider to be their own. They shoot at the people they consider to be their own citizens. People are killed there almost every day, peaceful civilians, by the way. We do render humanitarian and other assistance and support to the people who live on that territory. But we do it only to prevent them from being finally crushed, devoured and torn to pieces, and we will continue doing it. Because attempts to solve these political issues by force – and we have seen this being done by the current Kiev authorities for several years – are doomed to failure. This has to be kept in mind. Now concerning how to settle these relations and who will and will not remain in power. It is not about personalities, it is about the attitude towards people. We want to see peace and prosperity on the entire territory of Ukraine, including Donbass. We are interested in it because Ukraine remains one of our biggest trade and economic partners. Trade between Ukraine and Russia, in spite of all the efforts of the current Kiev authorities, is growing, it has grown in the outgoing year, it has grown during the current year. Is it strange? No, it is not strange because these are natural ties. These natural ties will sooner or later make themselves felt. But as long as the Kiev corridors of power are peopled by Russophobes who do not understand the interests of their own people this abnormal situation will persist. Regardless of who is in power at the Kremlin. We have attended to the issue of exchange all along. Mr Medvedchuk, on instructions from Poroshenko, by the way, has been constantly engaged in this. He came to Moscow just recently and raised the issue of the release of Ukrainian servicemen detained in the Kerch Strait, in the Black Sea to be more precise. Yes, Medvedchuk raised this issue. However, as I have said, these issues could only be tackled after the criminal case is closed. Let me start with the question on alienating young people or attracting them. You know, in any discussion about the youth, I always remember ceratin tragic and heroic chapters from our recent past. Do you remember the airborne squadron of 96 young lads, 19 or 20 years old, who found themselves in the Armed Forces almost immediately after graduating from school? These 96 soldiers fought against 2,000. Only six survived. They fought for almost three days, at times fighting at close quarters, with shovels and knives. They are heroes, and they were young, 19 or 20 years old (Applause). Take volunteers, for example. There are thousands and thousands of them. I think that as many as 35,000 worked at the World Cup. And what about those involved in battlefield archaeology? There are thousands of them as well. They are all young people. People of this kind form a very substantial social stratum, a large social group. They are all young, they are the foundation of Russia’s present and future. There are also young researchers, talented artists and musicians, including rappers. As for responsibility for desecration of the flag or other state symbols, it exists in almost every country. People must respect their country. There are rules that must be respected everywhere. If there is responsibility offline, it must also exist online. In what way does online behaviour differ from offline activity? After all, these are still social interactions, especially since the internet has penetrated all areas of our lives. For this reason, there is nothing extraordinary about it. As for these rappers being detained, I agree with you. This does not make any sense and brings about the opposite effect to what was intended, leading nowhere. That being said, there is nothing good in what you said about letting people use obscene language and not paying attention to it. Recently, as you must have seen, I attended Yury Temirkanov’s birthday celebration; he turned 80. He said something very common and still absolutely correct: “Art does not exist to indulge base motives, base interests and low cultural profile. Culture is there to raise the level of those things”. Of course, this is not something people should be caught, restricted or punished for. This would be wrong. But there are other things. For example, remember, I did not know it was broadcast live, where I told my interlocutor: “Let us all use foul language here at the Council on Culture meeting”. Everyone laughed. Why? It never occurs to anyone to do this. Why should we condone it? No, we should not do this. But there are other elements. For example, drug propaganda. Do we want our young people to use drugs? Why should we condone the promotion of drug use? This is a degradation of society, a degradation of young people, and a degradation of the nation. Do we want to degenerate? Someone wants to promote drugs – so let them. But we should not do this, and in no way should we encourage it, and we should not turn a blind eye either. Only, we need a different way of dealing with these trends. Another example: it has become trendy to promote suicide among young people. So what do you say, let’s go now and hang ourselves, or what? Then you go first, not me. You do not want to, right? This cannot be allowed in the youth environment. That is what I said – you take the lead. This is different from catching, restricting or telling someone to ”do as I do.“ No, this is not aviation. Here you have to act differently. Are there any different methods? Of course there are. We need to carefully and calmly build our case, convince people of the greater appeal of other values. But you cannot ban it outright, I agree with you. Let us talk about the final part of your question so that we do not forget what you said. The issues of security are crucially important, including when signing a peace treaty. You spoke about the deployment of the US military infrastructure in Japan, but it is already there, the largest US base is in Okinawa, it has been there for decades, as we know. Now, about Japan’s ability to take part in this decision-making. To us, this is an unclear, closed issue. We do not understand the level of Japan’s sovereignty in making such decisions. You know better than all other colleagues, and I know too that the Okinawa Governor is opposed to some decisions related to improving and expanding the base. He is against it, but he cannot do anything about it. People who live there are also against it. There is a lot of evidence of that; there have been opinion polls and protests demanding the withdrawal of this base. And, in any case, they are opposed to strengthening the US Air Force part of the base that is there. There are plans to improve and expand it, and it is happening despite the fact that everybody is against it. We do not know what will happen after the peace treaty is concluded, but without an answer to this question it will be very difficult to make any crucial decisions. And, of course, we are concerned about the plans to place ABM systems there. I told the United States this many times and I will repeat again that we do not consider this to be defensive weapons; this is part of the US strategic nuclear potential placed outside. And these systems, they are synchronised with the missile strike systems. So there are no illusions and we understand everything. But nevertheless we are sincerely striving and will strive to sign a peace treaty with Japan. It is because I am confident, and Prime Minister Abe shares my confidence, that the current state of affairs is not normal. Both Japan and Russia are interested in a complete settlement of our relations, and it is not only because we need something from Japan in terms of the economy. Our economy is more or less developing. Just this morning, Economic Development Minister Maxim Oreshkin reported on his trip to Japan. There is some progress, including an agreement on deliveries, on opening the Japanese market to Russian meat and poultry products. There are other improvements as well. Therefore, we are moving forward, and will continue to move forward, as it will be necessary. But the normalisation is important to us, both for Russia and Japan. It is a difficult process, but we are ready to move forward together with our colleagues. Let us start with the last part of your question. I do not want to comment on US-Chinese relations, who arrested whom and for what actions, etc. This is a very sensitive area, and we will not act according to the laws of the Code of Hammurabi here. The law of retaliation states, “An eye for an eye or a tooth for a tooth.” We need to act very cautiously here, and we need to be real. We will respond if certain people violate Russian legislation, regardless of their national and state affiliation. But we will not arrest innocent people simply to exchange them for someone else later on. As for the fate of Russian nationals, we do care about them, including the fact that Butina is being forced to admit something over there. I cannot understand what she could possibly have admitted, since she was not following any instructions from the Russian Government or its agencies. I am saying this because I mean it, no matter what she says under the threat of being sentenced to 12 or 15 years in prison. It is understandable that together with her lawyer she is fighting to get out of prison. I do not quite understand why they put her there in the first place. There were simply no grounds for it. But now this is a question of saving face for them and finding a way out. I am primarily referring to the US justice system. We will see how it plays out. We do care, and we will keep an eye on this case and provide our support accordingly. As for the Skripals and Khashoggi, no comment is required. Khashoggi was obviously murdered, and everyone acknowledged it. Skripal is alive, thank Heaven. Nevertheless, Russia was slapped with a salvo of sanctions in this connection, with no end in sight, which contrasts with complete silence in the second case. This is a politically-driven, Rusophobic approach. It serves as a pretext for attacking Russia once more. Without the Skripal case, they would have come up with something else. This is quite obvious to me. Their only goal is to contain Russia and prevent it from emerging as a potential competitor. I do not see any other end to it. Regarding red tape on citizenship matters. You said “red tape.” How so? Red tape is perennial. You cannot defeat it. At the same time, you cannot live without it either, and this has to be said as well. It is true that there must be rules for this bureaucracy and governance mechanisms, etc. Regarding naturalisation, this does not have to do only with what is taking place in southeastern Ukraine. Our initiatives do not target exclusively people living in these territories. The Government is currently working on amendments to the relevant law on citizenship and naturalisation. What for? These efforts are designed to show that we do not seek and will not support policies of division or the ones designed to alienate the peoples of Russia and Ukraine. What are the current (Ukrainian) authorities doing? What is their mission? What are they trying to achieve on the back of Russophobia they are promoting? They are practically admitting that they are pursuing a historic task of separating the peoples of Russia and Ukraine. This is what they are up to. And for that, they can get away with anything. Your colleague from the Ukrainian media talked about the challenges faced by people living in Donbass and the Lugansk Region, and their poor living standards. But is it any better in Ukraine? The situation is quite similar compared to Donbass, and it is getting worse all the time. Anything can be forgiven within the country, and even more so outside it against the backdrop of war, hostilities and tensions. And they are getting paid for this. They are about to receive another IMF tranche. We do understand what this is all about: just enough to pay out pensions and salaries to social sector employees, and the future generations will have to foot the bill. For this reason the overall situation is quite unfavourable. I believe this to be the case for the economy, society and domestic political processes. But our nations are very close and share the same history, so we will do everything to move in this direction. The law on citizenship is currently being amended, and it will be adopted in early 2019. About the meetings. The elections in Vladivostok were held just last Sunday, and that is why there were no meetings. They will be, and they are scheduled for next week, I believe. We will have the State Council meeting, and, I have already instructed the Executive Office to schedule a separate meeting with the newly elected heads of the regions you have just mentioned. We had to wait for the voting results in Vladivostok. This is the first point. Second. This is not the first time that representatives of opposition parties win elections, is it? For several years now, an LDPR representative has been heading Smolensk; in Omsk, there is someone from United Russia, I think, and in other regions, there are representatives of the Communist Party. So what? They are working; everything is fine. I am not a member of any party. True, I created the United Russia, but the President is not a member of any party. And the main thing for me is that people in the cities and regions of the Russian Federation feel that life is changing for the better. In fact, if they cast their vote for a specific person who does not represent the United Russia party, that is their choice. I will help in every way any elected leader of the region. The only question is that the newly elected heads of regions themselves should rise to the challenge, should be able to fulfil the electoral promises they made to the people. Well, we have discussed sanctions many times. If you want to discuss this issue once again, that is okay with me. Throughout virtually its entire history, Russia has faced various restrictions and sanctions. Really its entire history. If you look at the history of the 19th and 20th centuries, you will see that the situation is always the same. You can read diplomatic correspondence dating to the 19th century and the early 20th century. Everything is the same. They urged Russian diplomats to quickly establish order in the Caucasus and to do many other things. Nothing changes. How can this be explained? I have already discussed this, and I hope that an overwhelming majority of today’s audience also realises that it is related to Russia’s growing might and its greater competitiveness. A mighty and powerful player is emerging, one that has to be reckoned with, even if others would rather not. Quite recently, they believed that a country like that no longer existed, but it turns out it does and it must be reckoned with. Our country has a population of 160 million. This is not just some wishful thinking on the part of its leaders, it represents the interests of the people that we are defending. By the way, we are carefully defending these interests with calm and restraint, nothing boorish. But we are going about our business, and we will continue to move in this direction. Speaking of present-day sanctions, they have just mentioned the Skripals and Khashoggi incidents. So, is there any logic here? No, there is none. This is just a pretext for taking additional action to contain Russia. Our economy, as it has been said many times, has adapted to these external restrictions. Look, in the beginning of this meeting I mentioned that after the 2008−2009 global crisis, our GDP dropped by 7.8 percent. There were no sanctions at the time. After the sanctions were imposed in 2014, the drop was 2.5 percent. You asked how we assess this situation? We always assess it in our favour. But let us look at how our opponents see it – those who impose the sanctions. For example, the US Treasury Department believes that this 2.5-percent drop in 2015 was one-third due to the sanctions and two-thirds due to the collapsed prices on energy sources, mainly, oil. In fact, I think that one-third is too much. But all, right, they did affect our GDP. The sanctions also affect those who introduced them. According to the European Parliament, the European economy lost around 500 billion euros due to the sanctions against Russia because they lost our market, they under-export and they under-import certain goods from us. The number of jobs has dropped. It is significant for them because many EU countries suffer from a very high unemployment rate. In Spain, if I am not mistaken, it is still around 15 percent. We have 4.8 percent and they have 15 percent, you know. And the development of global trade, which lost over 400 billion, is also a result of such an unpredictable policy, including sanctions. This policy is harmful to everybody. I will repeat once again, our economy has adapted to this. Yes, there are some adverse effects but look, there are also positive sides to these sanctions. What are they? The sanctions made us switch on our brains in many areas and Western experts also acknowledge this. The share of Russian transport machine building was 98 percent in 2017. Automobile production accounted for 85 percent. Several other industries, also key areas, accounted for around 80 percent. This year, we spent 600 billion rubles on import substitution, including 125 to 128 billion from the federal budget. I will not even mention agriculture. We had to compensate for the imports in the market. Yes, unfortunately, this resulted in a short-term price increase in the domestic food market but right now, the prices have stabilised to a large extent in this sector of the economy and agriculture has made a breakthrough that we could not have ever imagined. Since 2000, the amount of exports has increased 16-fold, which is just unbelievable except it is actually happening. There are negative and positive sides but in any case, we would like the world economy to develop without any shocks, unlawful measures or external restrictions, to develop naturally, for its own benefit. I believe that the deep changes that have taken place in our society make restoring socialism in the sense you mean impossible. There can be social elements in the economy and the social sector, but expenses will always exceed profits, and as a result, the economy would be at a dead end. But the just distribution of resources, the fair treatment of people who live below the poverty line, and a state policy aimed to lower the number of people who have to live like that, to provide the majority of people with healthcare services and education in acceptable conditions, if this is the socialism we are talking about, we are holding to the very same policy. Our national programmes that we talked about in the beginning of this meeting, are mostly aimed at all this. For decades, since Soviet times, we have been dumping garbage in pits, to put it colorfully. No one has ever engaged in its processing, unless minimally in certain areas, while we produce, I believe, 70 million tonnes of trash annually, and there is no place to dispose of it. The amount of waste tends to increase with the development of industry, including the development of the consumer goods industry. As chemistry progresses, the amount of plastic trash increases. In the Pacific, there are entire islands of it the size of France and several metres thick. Plastic tends to accumulate in these spots and there is nothing you can do about it. However, this is the Pacific, while we dump it all in landfills. We need to address several key and top priorities. First, we need to eliminate illegal landfills. Second, we should create a waste treatment industry. What your colleague is doing is great, and is highly commendable, but this is a problem for environmentally conscious people. The state, first of all the regions, and then the municipalities, should create conditions for separate trash collection and subsequent recycling. I understand the people who oppose the construction of waste disposal plants. You have just mentioned international best practices. It is necessary to use them in our country. We often manage to do so. Here, we need to do the same. Some environmentalists and even some citizens object to building even waste incineration plants in the regions. These plants need to be of high quality and efficient, so as not to have to scrimp on the filters for them. They are the most expensive part of the processing and incineration plants. Everything has be done according to the corresponding technology and methodology. In Tokyo (as our colleague will confirm, I think), waste incineration plants are located in central parts of the city. There is no smell, no problems whatsoever, because the process is adhered to. We need to do the same. We must build 200 waste treatment plants before 2024. I am not sure this will be enough, but we must have at least 200 such plants in our country. I see. A symbol is always good; it is always a landmark of some stage of work that has been completed and a springboard for further progress. In this sense, the Crimean Bridge is both. I agree with you: it is both a symbol of Crimea’s reunification with Russia, and an opportunity for the peninsula’s development. It opens opportunities for development. It is very important. The same applies to the bridge across the Lena River. You said it has to spur development. This needs to be calculated carefully. The cost of this project – and we have been talking about it for a long time, for several years – is very high. It is an expensive project. We need to look if it will simply stop at the city and that is it, or if there is a possibility of developing the region as a whole, the area on the other side of the Lena River: the local economy, infrastructure, access to mineral deposits. Here is what we need to decide. We need to match the costs against the end result for the economy of the region as a whole. If our colleagues at the Transport Ministry and the Economic Development Ministry agree, then of course we will implement this project. Let us go on. Nature, Motherland, people. We will talk about gas in a moment. We will not run out of gas. We have more gas than the rest of the world. We have 67 trillion cubic metres in Yamal alone. It is always very interesting to speak with Andrei Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky. He is very insightful. He has his own opinions, which he is not afraid to express, whether you agree or not. He is not a conformist, and he speaks his mind. He is an insightful person. I have repeatedly discussed whether we have an idea for building the state, the country – the foundation on which to build. I believe that patriotism in the best sense of the word, rather than the basest, simply has to be the foundation for strengthening our state in the broadest and noblest sense of this word. As for our many channels on television and online that probably are not worth the air time they take up, you know, Daniil Granin (I believe that I mentioned this some time ago) discussed the matter at our last meeting. We had a long private conversation, and I never saw him again, he passed away some time later. He said: “Look, you have to do something about this”. I asked: “What are you talking about?” “We are all tired of it,” he replied. “What do you mean?” I asked. “All the television channels are telling us about people who stole money, how much, how they did it. I am really sick and tired of it. Are there really no happy and positive events in life here?” I said: “Well, that is their programming choice”. As I see it, things are actually gradually changing for the better, to some extent, the information is becoming more balanced perhaps, although I don’t go online or watch television very often just because I don’t have enough time. I try to keep an eye on the media environment, and I get the impression that there has been some improvement. But there would certainly be no harm in discussing what you have suggested. I will need to speak with my colleagues. They can hear you now, and I hope that they will respond. The Chicago Tribune’s correspondent over there, you have the floor, please. As concerns the defeat of ISIS, overall I agree with the President of the United States. I already said that we achieved significant progress in the fight against terrorism in that territory and delivered major strikes on ISIS in Syria. There is a risk of these and similar groups migrating to neighbouring regions and Afghanistan, to other countries, to their home countries, and they are partly returning. It is a great danger for all of us, including Russia, the United States, Europe, Asian countries, including Central Asia. We know that, we understand the risk fully. Donald is right about that, and I agree with him. As concerns the withdrawal of American troops, I do not know what that is. The United States have been present in, say, Afghanistan, for how long? Seventeen years, and every year they talk about withdrawing the troops. But they are still there. This is my second point. Third. So far, we have not seen any evidence of their withdrawal but I suppose it is possible, the more so because we are progressing towards a political settlement. The current issue on the agenda is building a constitutional committee. By the way, when we met in Istanbul – I mean Russia, Turkey, France and Germany – we agreed to make every possible effort to create this constitutional committee and Russia, for its part, has done everything in its power for this to happen. As strange as it may seem, we fully agreed on the list of members with President al-Assad, who designated 50 people and was involved in selecting 50 more from civil society. Despite the fact that he is not happy with everything, he agreed with this. Turkey, which represents the interests of the opposition, also agreed. Iran agreed. We submitted the list to the UN and, as Minister Lavrov reported to me just yesterday, unexpectedly, prompted by our partners – Germany, France and the United States – UN representatives (Mr de Mistura) decided to wait and see. I do not understand what is going on there but at any rate, I want to believe that this work is in its final stage. Maybe not by the end of this year but in the beginning of the next the list will be agreed and this will open the next stage of the settlement, which will be political settlement. Is the presence of American troops required there? I do not think it is. However, let us not forget that their presence, the presence of your troops, is illegitimate as it was not approved by a UN Security Council resolution. The military contingent can only be there under a resolution of the UN Security Council or at the invitation of the legitimate Syrian Government. Russian troops were invited by the Syrian Government. The United States did not get either of these so if they decide to withdraw their troops, it is the right decision. There is another very important component in this process. Despite all the disagreements, our specialists, our military personnel, security services and foreign ministries have established a rather constructive dialogue to address acute issues in combating terrorism in Syria. Overall, we are satisfied with our cooperation. As for national projects and agriculture, agriculture has long been a national project in Russia. It receives state support worth hundreds of billions of rubles, and it will keep receiving it, both large and small farms, all segments of the sector. As for the low growth rate. Yes, it is true. Are we worried? No. And the environment is far from being terrific, our agricultural producers work in difficult conditions. First, there is still competition. Thank God, competition is developing inside the country, and this is very important for the development of this sector of the economy. There is also foreign competition. Not all countries imposed sanctions, which means we did not take counter-measures against them. We introduced such measures against the EU countries, the US and other countries that imposed sanctions against Russia at the instruction of the US. But the majority of countries in the world did not, and there are many of them. They supply us with their products and therefore there is competition. Speaking of what is going on in agriculture, these are statistics and they relate to grain production. As you know, last year we had a record-breaking grain harvest of 135.5 million tonnes. This is the main factor influencing the statistics. This year, due to unfavourable weather conditions – and in 27 regions a state of emergency was declared – the harvest was smaller: 110.5 million tonnes. Therefore, as compared to last year, there is a decline. However, these 110 million tonnes rank third in terms of production volume in the past 25 years. It is a very good result. Combined with the reserves from last year, potential exports grew to 52.5 million tonnes. We will fulfil all obligations and contracts. So we are not worried at all. In the agricultural sector, there are areas where we need to act and maintain our efforts. What are these areas? We need to improve our competitiveness, and expand the infrastructure, in order to boost exports, among other things. Incidentally, last year exports totalled 20 billion, and this year they will reach 25 billion. There was a time when these figures were hard to imagine. Russia exports 16 billion worth of arms, while agricultural exports are at 25 billion. We will continue to support agricultural and export infrastructure development; about 400 billion rubles will go toward these ends over the next few years. This includes developing ports, roads and so forth, and supporting exports with financial instruments. This is how we can enhance our competitiveness. Of course, professional training, selection breeding, etc. are also important. You know this better than I do. Second, we need to promote high value-added production, including meat and meat processing. For course, we also need to address matters related to the social development of rural areas. This programme will remain in place. I did say this, even though I can hardly recall where I was at the time, but I can explain it. This is an interesting situation. What we hear from the outside is that Russia annexed Crimea. But what does annexation mean? It means a forcible takeover. If this had been an annexation and a takeover by force, the people in Crimea would have had nothing to do with it and would not be to blame. But if they came out and voted, this was not an annexation. So what is going on? After all, sanctions were imposed against them, against you. What are these sanctions? Restriction on mobility, restrictions on border crossings, visas, financial transactions, insurance companies, marine infrastructure use and the use of other facilities. These measures affect almost everyone living there. They were the ones targeted by these sanctions, and this is not just about singling out specific individuals like the government leaders in the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, but about targeting everyone. If they had had nothing to do with it, if it had been annexation, why were the people sanctioned? But if you were sanctioned for taking part in a specific vote, then they would have to admit that it actually took place. This is what this is about, and this is what I meant. Now, with regard to supporting the Russian segment of the internet. Yes, it is the right thing to do, and we are already doing so. We have grants, I am not sure about the exact amounts, but they are measured in hundreds of millions of rubles. These grants are related to content, and we are allocating, I believe, 144 billion rubles to this end. Overall, we officially allocate about 400 million rubles for this type of activity, so we are doing this and will continue to do so. Let us continue with the Eurasian Women’s Community. It is an important follow-up to the question of marriage. Please go ahead. The power is in the truth, that’s right. This formula includes what the media are all about. The power is in the truth, and this is the only way that the media can win the trust of millions of people. Unfortunately, let us face it – our life is very much commercialised just as in the past in the Soviet era everything was politicised, which undermines media credibility with many people. People are dividing everything they see or read by 100 or 1,000. Still, we must strive for this. Clearly, we must strive to be as objective as possible in matters that are vital for our country and the rest of the world. This is important not just for me, but for all of us. I hope that this trend is still there, and I think it will continue. Let us have the question about Afghanistan, as I promised. To be honest, I do not recall the details of that draft resolution. But I think you will agree with me, and I am sure that the majority of those who live in Afghanistan will agree with me. I do not know what our Western partners wanted to achieve with that resolution. If they wanted to declare that everything is fine there, this has little to do with reality. What part of the country does the Kabul government control officially? Not more than one third, to be perfectly frank; do you agree? When elections are held, it takes months to add up the results. Is this how it should be? So what is there to approve of? Talks are underway with the Taliban. This is probably unavoidable. But we must understand the subject of these talks and their possible outcome. If there is a force that controls the bulk of Afghanistan’s territory, its opinion must be taken into account, but this should be done openly and publicly, so it is clear what we are talking about. I believe that this is probably the essence of our Foreign Ministry’s position at the talks. We are not against a settlement. Overall, we believe that the problem can be settled exclusively through an agreement between all parties to the political process in Afghanistan. Until then, we will need to reinforce our military base in Tajikistan. We believe that the people of Afghanistan will eventually reach an agreement, and that all political forces and ethnic groups will reach a consensus. Regarding the first part of your question, we have relied on international experience when we passed the law on foreign agents. This is not about bans. This law requires that any entity receiving funding from abroad to carry out its public political activities must be registered as a foreign agent. That is it. Incidentally, this type of activity is banned in the United States and here you have the result: under this law Butina was arrested and taken into custody and might be sentenced to 12 years in prison. We do nothing of the sort here. Our law only requires registration for entities receiving funding from abroad. There is nothing here to fear. Frankly speaking, I do not see any problems here, as far as law enforcement is concerned. However, we, of course, need to look into the matter. When I meet with human rights activists, they point out certain drawbacks in this law, aspects actually related to charity rather than politics. And I think they are right. We need to pay close attention to what is happening in life and make adjustments where necessary. This must not interfere with our normal life and must not hinder the activity of honest and decent people who want to solve problems, including with the support of like-minded people abroad. There is nothing wrong with this. But political activity must, of course, be prohibited. Well, not prohibited but at least subject to law. Second, the Orthodox church. The situation with the Orthodox church defies comprehension. This is direct interference of the state in religious life. This has not happened since the Soviet Union. But, unfortunately, it is happening in Ukraine now. They created this breakaway church of the Istanbul curacy. They did not like the Moscow curacy so let it be the Istanbul curacy. Note that the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchy was completely independent. Perhaps few people know this but it was actually a completely independent church. They did everything independently, including the election of bishops. The only connection was spiritual as they mentioned the name of Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia during sermons. That was all. Now look at how dependent they are becoming on Turkey, on the Turkish Patriarchy. Many appointments and, most importantly, a lot of money. I think this is Bartholomew’s main impelling motive, to bring this territory into subjection and make money on it. I believe this is the main underlying motive – except for a tip from Washington, of course. The fact that the State Secretary called Kiev about this matter and discussed it is an outrage. Absolutely unacceptable. However, it is happening. Of course, this is another indication of the fact that the measure is also related to the election campaign and is meant to further widen the gap between Russian and Ukrainian people. The rationale behind it is, without doubt, political, and it is not good news for religious freedom in general. This is a clear and flagrant violation of the freedom of religion. I am mostly concerned about the likelihood that property redistribution will follow. This is already happening. This redistribution could turn into a heavy dispute, if not bloodshed, God forbid. I am sorry for the people who are defending their interests. They are usually helpless and unarmed. They are usually seniors and women. But there is, of course, the risk of property redistribution. One does not exclude the other. Let’s begin with the final part of your question. We certainly must ensure our citizens’ freedom of expression, their right to voice their opinions including by holding public events. But such events, including public gatherings, must always remain legal. Activities that violate the law are unacceptable, and warrant the government’s response. Let’s now turn to the events in France and to how they are seen from our shores. I believe that of course they have to do with the rise in fuel prices. But the hike was a trigger that sparked the unrest involving a large part of French society, and generally native French people. Recent data suggest that a significant proportion of the French, over 7 percent, support this. However, I do not believe it would be right to judge the French authorities’ response to this. What is the difference between what we see in Russia and the situation in France with regard to fuel prices and the rest? The French Government was deliberate in its decision to increase the price of petrochemicals and fuel, which means that the Government did it. It was a policy move. This initiative was intended to redistribute resources, in this case, the resources of the population, and to use them to address other matters related to the energy policy. The funds that the Government expected to raise from gasoline, diesel fuel and motor oil sales were to go towards developing alternative energy sources such as solar energy, wind power, and so on. This was a deliberate move. The people did not like it, because they did not want to be the ones to pay for these changes. What is happening in Russia? Gasoline prices have been growing since mid-2018 as the price of oil went up on the global markets. However, the Russian Government was prompt to take action in order to contain and even lower prices, and an agreement to this effect was reached with the main oil companies and refineries. That is the difference: over there the price hike was a conscious move, they were the ones who did it, while the Russian Government is fighting to ensure that prices do not go up. Of course, no one likes it when prices go up, but the fact that the Government is acting this way is obvious. Whether it is for the better or for worse is another question, but this is what is going on. An agreement has been reached, and it covers a period until March 2019. Yes, an adjustment is possible when VAT goes up in early January, but I do not expect it to be substantial. This should be an adjustment in the order of 1–1.5 percent, not more, after which the Government will carefully monitor developments on the Russian and international markets. I can share more details on this subject later on, but generally speaking this worked, even if we had to micromanage the situation, and I hope that it will also work in the future, so that the Government will be able to prevent any sharp surges in fuel prices next year. I am fully with you. My colleagues are aware of it. I am not pretending, or making up anything. When I discussed this matter with them, and when they insisted on moving ahead with digital, I agreed with them, just as I agree with you now – it improves the quality and the quantity of free channels. Trust me, just like you, almost word for word, I asked them this question: “Is it possible that someone in a small village will be left without television?” That is the question. They say no. So, we agreed that we would proceed very carefully, in small steps. Currently, Tver is undergoing such an experiment, then you. So far, there have been no complaints in Tver. The governor reported to me that he had gone to almost every village and is on top of things. They will help everyone in need of support in order to help them switch to digital, including the small devices needed to receive television of such quality. Then, another couple of regions, on and on…Truth be told, there was a proposal to move fast and be done in six months. I said, “No, we cannot do that. We must act very carefully and monitor things on the ground and, of course, ensure the interests of the people who cannot afford these consoles, even though they are not expensive.” We will see how it goes in individual regions and then take small steps along this path. Regarding these meetings, there are many meetings at events like the G20; you cannot even list them all because everyone is busy, and we meet, as they say, on the sidelines. What does “on the sidelines” mean? We get up, we are walking near each other, you greet someone and say something to them. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and I greeted each other in about the same way and said a few words to each other. In my opinion, Russian-British relations are at an impasse, and it is in the interests of both states to move beyond this impasse. How will Brexit impact us? The impact will be minimal, but it will affect the entire European economy and the global economy, as well. Therefore, it will affect us indirectly. Are we interested in restoring full relations with the United Kingdom or not? Yes, we are interested; besides, in my opinion, the United Kingdom, primarily its business community, is also interested in this. We know the British work in our country – fairly actively, I can tell you. Flagships of the British economy like British Petroleum, one of the key shareholders in our leading oil and gas company, Rosneft, – they are working here, and continue to do so, actively operating in our market, and they want to continue, and not just them. Now, in connection with Brexit – if this eventually goes through to the end, and, by the way, I understand the position of the Prime Minister, she is fighting for Brexit (let them decide this for themselves, this is none of our business, or else they might accuse us of wrongdoing again), but the referendum did take place. So what can she do? She must implement the will of the people as expressed in the referendum, or that is no referendum at all. Some didn’t like it – and the whole thing goes around and around. Is this democracy? I wonder how the critics of this process will assess the situation if and when some spit on this Brexit deal and carry out all these events again until they satisfy someone. So what is the point of holding a referendum and what is the meaning of direct democracy? Well, anyway, this is their concern, never mind. But, they are interested in our market, interested in direct partnerships. We did not discuss this with the prime minister, but we discussed it with our colleagues and friends; we have many in Britain, especially among the businesspeople. You know, if you look at direct foreign investment, where has most of the direct foreign investment come from this year? From Britain – $22 billion. Germany is second, followed by Singapore. That says something, right? True, this may be partly due to the repatriation of our capital, because they have somewhat scared it off over there, but all the same, there is huge interest in our agriculture (our export potential is enormous and keeps growing), industrial production and the energy sector. There are so many areas. And I hope that common sense will prevail. What about the skis over there? I find it interesting; it’s winter now. Ah yes, Gazprom. Yes, one more question now, please, and then about Gazprom. What do you mean, restore? We have nothing that collapsed to the point of needing to be restored. Russia and Armenia have smooth relations, this country is our strategic partner in the region and the world in general; it is a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation and the Eurasian Economic Union. What is there to restore? We only need to build on the foundation that has been created by the previous generations of leaders. The Armenian people are the closest ally of the Russian people in Transcaucasia; that is the way it has been historically, the way it is today and the way it, hopefully, always will be. We need to proceed from the realities of the current situation in the world and the region, proceed from the needs and our capabilities. We will discuss this soon with Mr Pashinyan, who is to pay us a visit next week. What about Gazprom, what’s up? Why are you scaring us? Well, it always helps to keep track of expenses, on superjet flights, to look what they actually did there, and what kind of football they watched. After all, Gazprom, among other things, sponsors foreign football clubs, like FC Schalke 04 in Germany. But why does it sponsor them? Because it does a lot of work there, in Germany, and in Italy too. These contacts need to be maintained. As long as it is within in the bounds of common sense, all is well, and we must always watch this very carefully. So you are right to pay attention to this. I will also look what they fly on and where. As for domestic gas supply, it is growing. True, our sales on the foreign market are growing also. This year, exports will top 200 billion cubic metres – this is a very good result, a historic high. This is what Russia needs, not Gazprom, it is what our national economy and the federal budget need, because the bulk of Gazprom’s revenues, which then flow into the budget, come from exports, as it should be. As for internal issues and decisions on connection, I repeat once again, things are moving forward. It is not only about Gazprom, Gazprom lays the pipelines to populated areas, and then there is further distribution, and the so-called last mile, so this problem should be resolved with the help of the region. Well, I will check it out. I do not know, I will check and see. Of course, Gazprom is driven by considerations of economic feasibility, but in addition to economic feasibility, there are social issues, of course, including the provision of gas to households in a given area. I will see how it is built. You know, in any case, very often there is a discrepancy between the statements of local authorities and the reality. I will definitely pay attention to this. Priozersky District is what I heard. Priozersky, right? I assure you, I will definitely look into this and respond. Everything is not smooth sailing with us, but things are more or less stable. Here is Novaya Gazeta, I am sure they will come up with something. Let us start with Wagner and chefs. All my chefs are employed by the Federal Guard Service. They are servicemen holding different ranks. I have no other chefs. This matter should be made clear once and for all so that we do not have to return to it in the future. If someone wants to label someone, they are free to do so, and there is nothing wrong with that. This is part of politicking in our country. There is even such a thing as “safe food.” For your information, we do not outsource this job, and the Federal Guard Service employees do all the work. Now, on to Wagner and what these people are doing. Everything must remain within the law, everything. We can ban private security firms altogether, but once we do so, I think you will be flooded with petitions demanding to protect this section of the labour market. Almost a million people are employed there. If this Wagner group breaks any laws, the General Prosecutor’s Office will go ahead and give it a legal assessment. Now, about their presence in foreign countries. To reiterate, if they comply with Russian laws, they have every right to work and promote their business interests anywhere in the world. Finally, the tragedy that you mentioned. It was certainly a tragedy. These people died and left behind families and friends. In general, unfortunately, a lot of tragedies are connected with journalists. I think we should never forget them, including the journalists who died in southeastern Ukraine under fire, or were killed in gun attacks, practically assassinated. Please do not forget about them, either. As far as I know, your colleagues travelled to Africa as tourists, not even as journalists, without notifying local authorities. According to the data available to date, some local groups are behind this attack. As far as I understand, an investigation is underway. Unfortunately, there is no reliable information yet, but we strongly hope that it will be eventually obtained. We are on top of this situation through our diplomatic channels. I hope that at least at some point we will find out what happened there. My heart goes out to you, to all members of the editorial board and the families of the people who died there. Let us begin with the most sensitive issue. I apologise to Novaya Gazeta – you asked me about Lev Ponomaryov. We discussed this issue at a meeting with human rights activists at a Council meeting. It is not because I want to dodge the question, I just skipped over it inadvertently. With regard to Ponomaryov, the court ruled based on calls for an unauthorised rally. I do not want to question court decisions or the fairness of this particular ruling. Now, regarding the sensitive issue of the pension reform. In the early and mid-2000s, and you are aware of my position, I said that I was strongly against raising the retirement age, and it was impossible to do so back then. I still believe this was the correct position, because life expectancy was at a low of 65, and the number of workers (the workers/non-workers ratio) was different and more or less acceptable. Now, things have changed dramatically. The point is not about the current shortages. The fact is that trends are such that the number of workers is declining, while the number of non-working pensioners is on the rise. You are right, we can leave this issue unaddressed, and I said so in my remarks. We can forget about it for the next five to seven years; however, then the country will have to do it no matter what, but it will have to be done abruptly, without a transition period, or any easing of terms, including for women. We will then have to act quickly, that is the problem. If I did not see these trends, I would have never allowed this to happen, but these are objective trends that cannot be ignored. You know, I was well aware of how people would react. No matter what arguments one can come up with, when a particular person’s interests are at stake, no one is delighted with the prospect. I was well aware that criticism would be coming both from the right and the left. We know what was done by the left. In their time, they dismantled the Soviet Union with their economic policy, and later, in the 1990s, almost destroyed Russia. We would not be living in the Russian Federation now. Instead, we would be left with Moscovia, or something like it. We managed to keep the situation in check. Moreover, the country is getting stronger and better. This is an unpleasant and, clearly, not a fun thing to do, but it has to be done nonetheless. To reiterate, if I was not convinced that it would have to be done some time down the road, I would have never allowed it to happen. Now, regarding the specific questions that you asked, including forest reserves, the school and the sports complex. This, as you understand, requires separate consideration, as these are separate issues. I promise that I will definitely look into them. I hope that Oleg Kozhemyako will do so as well. I am sure he can hear me now. I want him to submit the corresponding information to me and report accordingly. Regarding the transfer of the administrative centre to Vladivostok, [Presidential Envoy to the Far Eastern Federal District] Trutnev raised this issue a very long time ago. Vladivostok is doing very well and is really the centre of the region and, to a certain extent, a centre of gravity, I mean with regard to neighbouring countries, so I think this is a well-grounded decision. The situation at the prisons must constantly be overseen by the prosecutor’s offices, first of all. Clearly, the incidents that are being reported are absolutely unacceptable. Any violation of the law, to say nothing of torture, is a crime. Those who violate the law, who commit these crimes must be held responsible. Incidentally, this is what happens when these kinds of stories come to light, in part, thanks to the media. But it would also be incorrect to say that we need to destroy the whole system. We should improve the system and bring public oversight to a new level – I completely agree with this. In connection with this, I would like to remind you that we have established commissions that must work on this and which will receive support from the Government and the President. I expect them to play a positive role in resolving the problems that the system definitely has. Native residents of Paris are moving to the suburbs for a number of reasons. This is why a hike in petrol prices caused such discontent, many native Parisians moved to the suburbs and higher petrol prices are very hard on their budgets. But this is a different issue. Let us speak about housing construction. I understand and partly share your concern, but only partly in the sense that it should be explained to people where the numbers come from and what they mean, and how they should be taken. Because when pure numbers are presented and it is said that life has become better and happier whereas people see, as you say, real prices in the shops going up, it causes bewilderment and mistrust of the statistics. They are not perfect, by the way. If we can, if we do not get tired of talking for such a long tome, we can revisit the issue. The statistics are not ideal but the point is not so much their quality, which needs perfecting, the point is also that people should be told that those are average figures. We are talking about living standards. We are talking about salaries. I said that in the first ten months there was a 7.4 percent increase, and that by the end of the year it will be 6.9 percent. But people will see this and say, “I have had no such increase”. This is an average. It concerns certain sectors and certain regions. Somewhere there is an increase in a certain sector, for example, for oil workers or steel workers. And in some cases, there is no increase. These are average figures. That’s the point. Among the most important indicators are the disposable income of the population and retail sales numbers. This more or less conforms with the real state of affairs. And what is this like? In 2015, we had an over-2-percent drop in the real disposable income of the population, in 2016 – minus 5.8, and in 2017 – 1.2, but also on the minus side. This is the disposable income of the population. Incidentally, analysts certainly understand what I am talking about. But for the majority of people it’s unclear. Let me explain what it means and how these figures are calculated, it will take 30 seconds. It is fairly easy to calculate people’s expenses: how and where they spend money and how much. In other words, if people spent money, they had it. Added to this are bank deposits and cash savings. This is, on the whole, a calculable sum, because it is more or less clear how much money people keep in banks. The Central Bank, which regulates the money supply, is aware of the total amount: how much is kept in banks, how much is in the hands of consumers. Cash savings in foreign currencies are harder to calculate. But this is basically clear. Then the taxes paid by an individual (personal income tax, or property tax if there is any property) are deducted, and then the figures are adjusted for inflation. These are the disposable incomes of the population. Again, they had been falling in our country in these years. And only now, by the end of this year, we may have a 0.1-percent increase, but only if we do not take into account the lump-sum payments of 5,000 rubles to pensioners at the end of 2017. So, the trend is generally positive, and it is backed up by other data. What data? Sales volumes – sales are picking up. Despite some problems in the auto industry itself, car sales have grown 27 percent. As I said, the production of clothing and footwear has increased, food production is up 13 percent compared with the previous increase of 9 percent. The volume of international air transportation has surged 46 percent, while domestic air travel has grown by more than 20 percent. These are all signs of growing consumer purchasing power. It is gradual and cautious, but it has been recovering. It seems to me that if we explain this to people in normal human language and show it as a whole, it will become clearer where we are and where we are going. But this system undoubtedly needs to be improved, I completely agree with you. It is difficult for me to decide…The one with the Russian flag – by all means. The Russian flag cannot be in anybody’s way. I must give corresponding instructions to Mr Bastrykin (Chairman of the Investigative Committee). Consider it done. He will take control and report to me on what is happening there. To be honest, this is the first I have heard of it, but I promise you that I will give it the attention it deserves and Alexander Bastrykin will receive corresponding instructions. Ataturk is certainly an outstanding figure in Turkish history. He made an extraordinary contribution to the efforts to preserve and restore Turkey as a state, he did quite a lot to achieve this. He was a great friend of Russia, we know this, and he cooperated with Russia, worked with it and we appreciate his input very much. Ataturk created modern Turkey, having laid the foundation for the state. This is what I think of him. As for the status of our relations today, I think we should be satisfied with the progress in the development of ties between Russia and Turkey in the economy and on security issues. Although our interests have not always coincided on some matters, we have managed to make compromise decisions on how to resolve the Syria crisis. We respect the national interests of the Turkish Republic and the Turkish people in this area, and we see that our Turkish partners are willing to compromise and so together we make these compromise decisions to secure the development of a favourable situation in Syria and for the sake of fighting terrorism and strengthening our relations. As for the economy, you can see yourself that our ties are growing stronger. Despite Turkey being a NATO member country, it delivers on its commitments, as far as we can see. At the same time, being a NATO member it is pursuing an independent foreign policy. We appreciate this, as it creates conditions for maintaining predictable and healthy relations. Of course, in this sense, the role of the incumbent Turkish President is great. Hopefully, this trend will continue under the leadership of Mr Erdogan. About dollarisation and weaning the economy off the dollar, including the Russian economy. In general, according to the IMF, payments in dollars have slightly decreased around the world. The year before last, they were a little over 63 percent I think, and now slightly over 62. But for Russia, this figure is higher, 69 percent. This is due to the fact that our main export products, primarily oil, are listed on world exchanges in dollars, and this is a large amount. Our foreign exchange reserves in dollars are declining; only recently, we were holders of American securities quoted in dollars in the amount of $104 billion, now down to $14.4 billion. Payments in yen and pounds have slightly grown in world trade. As for weaning Russia off the dollar, it will exclusively concern settlements between economic entities, but will in no way affect citizens. When we were discussing today’s news conference yesterday, Mr Peskov told me that they are removing exchange rate ads in some cities, including Moscow, and people are wondering about the reason behind this, whether this may be connected with some restrictions on using dollars. There is nothing of the kind, and it will not happen, I would like to reassure everyone. Advertising exchange rates on currency exchange offices is only connected with one thing: the fight against illegal money exchange businesses. This is about streamlining the sphere of finance, money circulation, and cracking down on grey businesses operating in this area, nothing more. Regarding the ruble. Yes, use of the ruble as a reserve currency in transactions is growing, maybe not a lot, but it is growing, primarily in transactions between the EAEU countries and in the post-Soviet space. For example, use of the ruble has grown significantly in transactions between Russia and Belarus, reaching, if I’m correct, over 60 percent, almost 70 percent in clearing transactions while the numbers in cash settlements are smaller. But the role of the ruble will certainly increase in this segment, that’s obvious. It’s more reliable and does not involve extra costs, especially the costs associated with dollar transactions. Because you and I know perfectly well: wherever clearing operations are made, they all go through US banks. And if there are restrictions, it makes you want to sidestep these restrictions which is a natural reaction. This is happening around the world, by the way, in view of instability with these transactions. However, several issues must be resolved for the ruble to be used at least as a regional currency. First, cutting volatility. The exchange rate must be stable, and we have generally managed to maintain it recently. This is related to the activities of the Central Bank and the Government of the Russian Federation. As you have seen, it is stable; it has somewhat lost its dependency on fuel and oil price fluctuations partly due to the introduction of a floating exchange rate for the ruble. This is the first goal. But we have to ensure further stability and keep inflation low. This is an extremely important condition. Then comes the next step – we have to develop the financial infrastructure for transactions in the ruble. It is clear what this means. We need to improve the settlement mechanisms between economic parties and financial institutions. We will be working on this. With regard to ruling the world, we know where the headquarters that is trying to do so is located, and it is not in Moscow. However, this is related to the leading role of the United States in the global economy and defence spending: the United States is spending over $700 billion on defence, while we spend only $46 billion. Just think of it, we have 146 million people in Russia, whereas the NATO countries’ population is 600 million, and you think our goal is to rule the world? This is a cliché imposed on public opinion in Western countries in order to resolve intra-bloc and domestic political issues. When I say intra-bloc, I mean that in order for NATO to rally countries around itself, it needs an external threat. It does not work otherwise. You have to have someone to rally against. As a major nuclear power, Russia fits the bill perfectly. With regard to domestic political issues, unfortunately, Russophobia continues to flourish in many countries, especially in Eastern Europe. For what purpose? In order to use old historical fears to ensure their own domestic political well-being. This is also harmful, because, ultimately, it is about exploiting the phobias of the past, which prevent us from moving forward. It is harmful for the countries and peoples whose leaders are trying to pursue such a policy. In fact, the main goal of our foreign policy is to provide favourable conditions for the Russian Federation, its economy and social sphere, to ensure unfettered movement forward and to strengthen our country from the inside, above all, so that it can take its rightful place in the international arena as an equal among equals. We are in favour of consolidating the system of international law, ensuring unconditional compliance with the UN Charter, and using this platform to develop equal relations with all the participants of international affairs. The second is about the problem you raised, it is very urgent indeed. This gives me an opportunity to speak in greater detail about the problem and the construction industry. You know, this will never end if we do not sort out the mess and switch to civilised ways of housing construction. Indeed, the real estate industry is faced with the task of building 120 million square metres of housing but we must stop the practice of attracting people’s money and irresponsibly spending it. This is what happens: yes, we keep the cost of housing relatively low but at the expense of what? Because some people acquire this housing at relatively low prices. In particular, this is also done at the expense of the people whose money is taken but who do not receive anything – either money or housing. This is the root of the problem and all evil. So we must certainly switch to civilised ways of funding this industry even if this leads to a certain reduction in the construction sector and some increase in prices. But without this we will never be able to put things in order there. We must switch to bank financing, to normal and civilised loans or else this will never end. The people who found themselves in a difficult situation because they paid the money but received no housing must certainly be helped. We should not shut our eyes to the scale of this problem. It is clear and I agree with you that even the figures that are now shown, the figures on cheated equity holders and their personal problems do not click with reality. In fact, the problem is even more urgent than these documents show. As for the situation you described in your question, I do not know these buildings of course, but we will see. I will also talk to the Acting Governor of this region, Mr Beglov. He is a very experienced man and can figure this out. I hope the situation will improve. In any case, be sure that this will be a subject of my conversation with him. The first thing that will happen is that he will meet with you. Colleagues, listen to me. If we want to go on a little longer, we must not turn our press conference into an unauthorised rally. OK? Let us not. So I ask you to calm down. Unfortunately, we see that many birthmarks of the past, as Karl Marx used to say, are still there, but I hope that some things will somehow be made right. Ultimately we will reach the bottom in our relations and will understand that we have to go up, to push off from that bottom, go up, take a lungful of fresh air and with a clear head start thinking how to proceed. I do not know if we have a meeting or not, I said a number of times that we are ready. We believe there are issues that we have to discuss together. Work at the expert level on Syria, for example, is ongoing. We also have to speak about North Korea, and Afghanistan, a great many other situations in the world. After all, we need to talk about bilateral relations; we are interested in this, as well as our American partners are, by the way. Of course, there is no super-global interest. Our mutual trade stands at a meagre 28 billion, or even lower now, less than 28, 25 to 27 billion maybe. This is nothing, zero. With China, we will reach 100 billion this year, and with the US, everything is in decline. Who is interested in this? No one, not even the President of the United States, who is promoting the idea of reviving the economy, as he says, in his quest to make America great again. I certainly believe that working with Russia is important in itself, and this includes economic cooperation, at least bearing in mind that we play a key role in the global energy market; cooperation in the field of nonproliferation and global security also matters, among other things. We have a lot to talk about. But we see what is happening there. Now power will change in Congress. Almost certainly, 100 percent sure, there will be new attacks on the current President. Under these conditions, whether he will be able to achieve any kind of direct dialogue with Russia, I do not know; you will have to ask them. What worries me though? You mentioned the Anglo-Saxon world, where some deep-rooted, tectonic changes are occurring. After all, please note, Trump won – this is an obvious fact no one seems to be arguing with, but they do not want to recognise his victory either. This actually shows disrespect for the voters – refusing to recognise his victory, doing everything to delegitimise the incumbent President. The same applies to Britain: Brexit got the majority vote – but no one wants to implement it. What are they refusing to recognise? The referendum results. Democratic procedures are being dropped out of the equation, and destroyed; their value is being destroyed. That is what is happening there. This is a serious process. I have pointed out that Western analysts are already discussing this matter, both in the States, by the way, and in Britain. We must keep this in mind. But whatever happens, we still need to build bilateral relations. We are willing to. As soon as possible. As soon as the other side is ready, we will do this. This one. (Sign) “How’s the health?” Did you mean your health, mine or someone else’s? Or did you mean the country’s healthcare? I believe that our Ministry of Economic Development should fulfill this function, because it should generate ideas to promote development. But I am ready to discuss your proposal. We just need to understand the substance, what it means. You and your colleagues please think about it, explain what the “ministry of ideas” is, what it should do, how it will function, on what principles, and what the substance of its work would be. As for my health, it really does not differ from anyone else’s. I mean, thank God, I do sports, and I am fine. I try to take care of my health. But just like everyone else, I can catch flu or something in the offseason. So far, everything is okay. Thank you very much for your concern. First of all, to a large extent, we ourselves are to blame for this situation, because our athletes did use doping. It is a different matter that we were accused of authorising the use of doping at the state level. This is not true, and it has never happened and will never happen, because we must keep in mind not only the results, which, of course are important, but also the health of our athletes. However, since this has happened, we must, first, acknowledge it and, second, admit our fault, which means that we were unable to properly control doping. This is the responsibility of the organisations and government agencies that were supposed to do this. With regard to whether we have stopped this or not, probably not, not 100 percent. Enormous efforts were made, and a good framework was created to do it properly and to make sure it was done with integrity. But this is not just our scourge; doping is used around the world. Nevertheless, we must strive to reduce it completely. The WADA commission is currently working in our country. They are holding talks with the Ministry of Sport, including on access to related materials. But you are right about the political aspect of it, which I hope will be overcome completely as well. You know, we must put things right here in many respects and counter the assertions you just made. You asked: Who is responsible for the inferior quality of our medications compared to their foreign counterparts? This is not true, they are in no way inferior, however we must combat certain things in several areas. Doctors that prescribe these medications should cooperate less with producers and think more about their patients. Do you understand? Because when they cooperate with specific producers they say: “Ours are worse – take this imported one”. But this does not mean that we should get rid of all imported medications. If a certain medication is required, it should be prescribed. This is a sensitive process but it is important to understand what the problem is in all respects. Now I will say a few words about the scale. First, we have even started to export our medications. This year we will export 700 million worth of medications. This is not so much but still a considerable amount – 700 million. If we look at price tags, 30 percent of medications are produced at home for the domestic market. They are 60 percent of the range. As for our dependence or independence, everything is interrelated in this world. That said we produce, say, 80 percent of vital medications. Importantly, there are an increasing number of substances produced in Russia, not simply generics that are brought in from abroad. On the whole, this programme is working. I believe it was launched in 2015 and will be carried out until 2020. As for the development of the pharmaceutical and medical industry, it is working. About 200 billion rubles are allocated for it and it is fairly effective on the whole. This is a very important area of our work and we will certainly continue it. The point you are making is an eternal Russian argument: The Tsar is good while the courtiers are thieves and outlaws. You see, if something does not go well, it is everyone’s fault. This is my first point. And secondly, as I have already said, the point is not that the numbers are somehow wrong. The point is that they do not work well with the numbers. They do not explain the numbers to the people. Whereas you said that the numbers are good but they are not trusted. As if you failed to hear what I said in the beginning and in the middle, when I gave data related to a decline in the real disposable incomes of the population. What is good about that? I did not say it was good. Incomes fell in the country in 2015 while in 2016 they were down by 5.8 percent. What is good about that? And I did not say it was good, I said the trend is righting itself, thank God, and it is an objective factor. I do not think that people here do not believe it. These are truthful things, and I hope people do understand that. Speaking about officials in general, you, of course, know that there are people who have no idea what they are saying. They are not where they should be and are not careful with their words. There are people like this. But this is what we all are, our environment. That kind of person was just someone yesterday and is an official now, so they can blab. They are not ready. This means they are simply not ready for the job. And, of course, we must work with people, with all the officials. There are many good and active people among them, too. This is a fact, we should accept this. You see, it is impossible to close everything and then open the box to make it right. It is not a coincidence that Moses and the Jews wandered in the desert for 40 years. Well, we cannot lead 146 million people across the desert for so long. This is a process of growing up for the civil service. We are working with it; see, we are organising various contests for young people. We have a human resources contest, Leaders of Russia. We teach them later at our academy. I believe 12 or 15 graduates have already become governors, two are federal ministers and five or six are deputy ministers. Little by little we will be expanding this. It is a long process. Speaking about the gap. First, unfortunately, it does exist. Second, which is also unfortunate, as rule, this is a global trend. In any case, this is what is happening in large economies. Look what is happening in the US. Our US colleagues are present here, they must read US analyses. The gap between those who earn a lot and those who earn very little is expanding by their estimation. By the way, the campaign of President Trump, the current president, noted this very clearly. They used this in their campaign and turned out to be right. Of course we must take this into consideration. At the very least we must decrease the number of poor people. This is true. Is that all? Yes. Certainly, the presidential election, as this is important for the whole country. And the World Cup, which also turned out to be important for the whole country and the world. You see, the merging of any constituent entities in the Federation is a matter for the entities of the Federation themselves according to current law. If Sakhalin and Primorye Territory decide to unite, they can; they have to go through their respective procedures in parliament or hold a referendum, whichever is provided for in the regional legislation. But looking deeper, Sakhalin is a self-sustaining region, it provides a large share of its own budget, and the average income of the population is higher than in the Territory in general, but this is the internal business of the two regions. That is my first point. The second concerns development. We have a complete programme, a package of measures to develop the Far East and Primorye Territory, a complete programme to establish favourable development conditions in the Far East. This includes the well-known Priority Development Areas, which is the ‘Far Eastern hectare’, the development of infrastructure, ports, airports, it is support for exports, including, and primarily, non-energy exports. We will do all this; it will never disappear. On the contrary, all of this will be actively pursued. There must be no doubt about it whatsoever. This will offer us an additional competitive edge. We will definitely develop science and education; we will keep supporting the Far Eastern Federal University. We will certainly develop the shipbuilding sector and continue the construction of the shipyard in Vladivostok. And you know, the first steps have already been taken for this, and fairly big steps. Russia’s largest tonnage ships will be built in Vladivostok. We will build ships that are bigger than anything seen in the Soviet Union. We will obviously continue our support for the aviation sector; plants will have contracts to keep busy, and research will be developed. And a totally new sector has emerged – aerospace, the new Vostochny Space Launch Centre. Marine biology, everything connected with fisheries – this will all be a priority for us. I have no doubt that we will achieve positive results. I promised Euronews. Look, in 2014, people living in Crimea came out for the referendum and ultimately voted for reunification with the Russian Federation. From that moment, after the relevant domestic procedures, Crimea became part of the Russian Federation, part of Russia. Therefore, we are entitled to and will continue to pursue our military policy on any part of our territory, as we see fit to ensure national security. Crimea is no exception. If the General Staff, if the border guards believe that we need to do something extra in some area, we will do it. Russia’s security in this area will certainly be ensured. We are not going to overdo it there, but what needs to be done, will be done. This is the first point. Now about the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait. We almost immediately announced that we intended to build a bridge to link up with Crimea, which we did. First we built an energy bridge, then a gas pipe, and now we are building two power plants there, in Sevastopol and in Simferopol, with a total capacity of 940 megawatts. We are building the Tavrida road, to be completed by the end of 2020. Next year, I think, the two-lane road will open, and by the end of 2020, a four-lane road. We will develop the local infrastructure. That is, it is not only about reinforcing the military component, but above all, the civilian, infrastructure component. All this will certainly be implemented. We have a federal targeted programme for the development of Crimea. For the next two years, we have allocated 300 billion rubles for the development of the peninsula. All this will progress. Along with that, the military component will be strengthened, as far as we need it. As for the Kerch straits, the situation is difficult, in terms of nature. These straits are very narrow and rather shallow. Their depth is about 13 metres. Let me emphasise that pilotage has always been conducted there. The construction of the bridge does not interfere with anything. Pilots escort ships as they used to. Freight turnover is growing, in particular, in the ports of the Sea of Azov, this is true. But work there is organised and all participants in these economic activities know how this is being done. There is a queue there. Sometimes it is bigger and sometimes it is smaller. Just look at the number of vessels in front of the entrance to the port of Novorossiysk. There are quite a few of them. I will have to repeat this once again: On September 11 of the past year Ukrainian vessels, including warships, fulfilled all requirements of passage through these straits and under the bridge and were calmly led by our pilots into the Sea of Azov and further on to their destination in the Sea. Nobody interfered with them – just helped. This time everything was different. This is a deliberate provocation in the course of Mr Poroshenko’s election campaign. We have already shown in the media the logbook that contains the order to “enter secretly.” What does “secretly” mean? Nobody can say what might happen there without pilotage, all the more so when some politicians say in public that they are ready to blow up the bridge. Naturally, we cannot allow this to happen. This would be simply absurd for us, period. As for routine activities, nobody restricts them. Now a few words about the regime in the Sea of Azov. We have a treaty dating back to 2003, I think. What does it say? It reads that there is a coastal area of five kilometres, not the usual 12 sea miles in accordance with the international Law of the Sea, but five kilometres off the coast. These are the territorial waters of a state, in this case of Russia or Ukraine, and the rest is common sea. Incidentally, our fishermen were once captured although they did not enter the five km zone. Nonetheless, they were seized and their captain is still detained. And your Euronews channel does not even mention this as if this is how it should be. The same is true of other Russian seamen: there is a dry-cargo vessel with its crew out there somewhere, but nobody recalls anything. Therefore, we should observe these agreements and abstain from announcing any unilateral actions. As for warships, they should be in constant contact with our border guards. The border guards conduct their border mission. In conditions of martial law, I can hardly imagine warships going to and fro, but in general we would like to normalise the situation. We do not create any obstacles to vessels, including warships. Let me repeat that last September vessels were led by our pilot and nobody interfered with them, on the contrary we only helped. This is a complicated problem, which we will certainly keep working on. You are right about this, I agree. As far as the amendments to the Constitution are concerned, this is a matter for broad public discussion. Let’s talk to the people from Latin America then. I cannot go to Chechnya on my way to or from. I must go there directly. And I certainly will. This is the first thing. Second, regarding the children. I believe this is a priority. We are engaged in this; we have a programme for repatriating these children to their homeland, to Russia, Chechnya, to the Caucasus, wherever. And Ramzan Kadyrov is also involved in this. We are doing this and will continue with it. Urals, there is a sign that says Urals. It is ideology as a leading force that is prohibited, not patriotism. I hear you. This is a subject for a wide public discussion. This is a question of technical regulations. You are certainly right. We must look into what is being supplied. I agree with you. It is a problem. But the problem is not only the pipes. The problem is in the discharge of wastewater, and its purification. This is an issue that affects the entire country. But the relevant decisions have actually been taken here. This also applies to industry. Applicable law provides for a transition to the latest available technologies. Penalties are imposed for the discharge of untreated water, and, generally, for waste, on companies that do not comply with the environmental requirements. As for the airport, when needed, it operates as an international airport. If something more is needed, Mr Kadyrov will come and tell me. I will see what needs to be done; I just do not see what else needs to be done. The airport is functioning, but if we need to do more, we will see. Will that do? And thank you for the invitation. Friendship of Peoples – over there, a young woman is standing in a kokoshnik. Yes, please, give her the microphone. Look, we have the Presidential Council for Interethnic Relations. I will definitely ask my colleagues to get in touch with you and find opportunities to work with you on this most important matter for our country. I wish you all a Happy New Year. Please do not be mad at me, we really have to wrap up now. Thank you very much for your attention, and for your questions. I sincerely wish you all the best. Thank you”. Dopo 3 ore 52 minuti di diretta, si conclude la Grande Conferenza Stampa (http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/59455) del Presidente Putin. Sono le ore 13:53 di Mosca del 20 Dicembre 2018. Quale reazione ha suscitato in Italia l’avvertimento del presidente russo Putin che il mondo sottovaluta il pericolo di guerra nucleare e che tale tendenza si sta accentuando? “Significativo il commento de La Repubblica che – scrive il giornalista Manlio Dinucci, autore della rubrica L’Arte della Guerra su Pandora Tv – parla di “toni molto allarmistici”. Eloquente il silenzio praticamente assoluto dell’intero arco parlamentare. Come se l’Italia non avesse niente a che fare con la corsa agli armamenti nucleari che, ha avvertito Putin nella conferenza stampa di fine anno, potrebbe portare alla “distruzione dell’intera civiltà o forse dell’intero pianeta”. Scenario non allarmistico, ma previsto dagli scienziati che studiano gli effetti delle armi nucleari. Un particolare pericolo – sottolinea Putin – è rappresentato dalla “tendenza ad abbassare la soglia per l’uso di armi nucleari, creando cariche nucleari tattiche a basso impatto che possono portare a un disastro nucleare globale”. A tale categoria appartengono le nuove bombe nucleari B61-12 che gli Usa cominceranno a schierare in Italia, Germania, Belgio, Olanda e forse in altri paesi europei nella prima metà del 2020. “L’alta precisione e la possibilità di usare testate meno distruttive – avverte la Federazione degli Scienziati Americani – possono portare i comandanti militari a premere perché, in un attacco, si usi la bomba nucleare, sapendo che la ricaduta radioattiva e il danno collaterale sarebbero limitati”. L’Italia è corresponsabile del crescente pericolo di guerra nucleare poiché, violando il Trattato di non-proliferazione e non aderendo al Trattato Onu per la proibizione delle armi nucleari, fornisce agli Stati Uniti in funzione principalmente anti-Russia non solo basi, ma anche aerei e piloti per l’uso delle bombe nucleari. Ciò avviene con il consenso esplicito o implicito (attraverso la rinuncia a una reale opposizione) dell’intero arco parlamentare. L’altro pericolo, avverte Putin, è rappresentato dalla “disintegrazione del sistema internazionale di controllo degli armamenti”, iniziata con il ritiro degli Stati Uniti nel 2002 dal Trattato Abm. Stipulato nel 1972 da Usa e Urss, esso proibiva a ciascuna delle due parti di schierare missili intercettori che, neutralizzando la rappresaglia del paese attaccato, avrebbero favorito un first strike, ossia un attacco nucleare di sorpresa. Da allora gli Stati Uniti hanno sviluppato lo “scudo anti-missili”, estendendolo in Europa a ridosso della Russia: due installazioni terrestri in Romania e Polonia e quattro navi da guerra, che incrociano nel Baltico e Mar Nero, sono dotate di tubi di lancio che, oltre ai missili intercettori, possono lanciare missili da crociera a testata nucleare. Anche in questo caso l’Italia è corresponsabile: a Sigonella è installata la Jtags, stazione satellitare Usa dello “scudo anti-missili”, una delle cinque nel mondo”. Lega e M5S dovrebbero alzare la voce, invece di cantare la solita “litania” rafforzando la più volte proclamata “alleanza privilegiata con gli Usa, quasi un gemellaggio”, secondo le testuali parole del Premier Conte. “La situazione è aggravata dal fatto che gli Usa vogliono ora ritirarsi anche dal Trattato Inf del 1987 (quello che eliminò i missili nucleari Usa schierati a Comiso), così da poter schierare in Europa contro la Russia – scrive Manlio Dinucci – missili nucleari a raggio intermedio con base a terra. Anche qui con la corresponsablità del Governo italiano che al Consiglio Nord Atlantico del 4 Dicembre ha avallato tale piano ed è sicuramente disponibile all’installazione di tali missili in Italia. “Se arriveranno i missili in Europa, poi l’Occidente non strilli se noi reagiremo”, ha detto Putin. Avvertimento ignorato da Conte, Di Maio e Salvini che, mentre battono la gran-cassa sul «decreto sicurezza» anti-migranti, quando arrivano bombe e missili nucleari Usa mettendo a rischio la vera sicurezza dell’Italia, non vedono, non sentono e non parlano”. A prima vista sembra la sceneggiatura di un film catastrofico di Hollywood. “È invece uno degli scenari prospettati nel Rapporto ufficiale 2018 dalla Commissione incaricata dal Congresso degli Stati Uniti – scrive Manlio Dinucci – di vagliare la strategia di difesa nazionale: «Nel 2019, in base a false notizie su atrocità contro le popolazioni russe in Lettonia, Lituania ed Estonia, la Russia invade questi paesi. Mentre le forze Usa e Nato si preparano a rispondere, la Russia dichiara che un attacco alle sue forze in questi paesi sarà considerato un attacco alla Russia stessa, prospettando una risposta nucleare. Sottomarini russi attaccano i cavi transatlantici in fibra ottica e hackers russi interrompono le reti elettriche negli Usa, mentre le forze militari russe distruggono i satelliti militari e commerciali Usa. Le maggiori città statunitensi vengono paralizzate, mettendo fuori uso Internet e cellulari». La Commissione bipartisan, composta da sei repubblicani e sei democratici, prospetta uno scenario analogo in Asia: nel 2024 la Cina effettua un attacco di sorpresa contro Taiwan, occupandola, e gli Stati uniti non sono in grado di intervenire a un costo accettabile perché le capacità militari cinesi hanno continuato a crescere, mentre quelle statunitensi sono stagnanti a causa della insufficiente spesa miitare. Tali scenari, chiarisce la Commissione, esemplificano il fatto che «la sicurezza e il benessere degli Stati Uniti sono a rischio più di quanto lo siano stati negli scorsi decenni». Dalla Seconda Guerra Mondiale gli «Stati Uniti hanno guidato la costruzione di un mondo di inusuale prosperità, libertà e sicurezza. Tale realizzazione, di cui essi hanno enormemente beneficiato, è stata resa possibile dalla ineguagliata potenza militare Usa». Ora però la loro potenza militare, «spina dorsale della influenza globale e sicurezza nazionale Usa», si è erosa a un livello pericoloso. Ciò è dovuto al fatto che «competitori autoritari – specialmente Cina e Russia – stanno cercando l’egemonia regionale e i mezzi per proiettare potenza su scala globale». Sarà una tragedia di imprevedibile ma forse tremenda dimensione, avverte la Commissione, se gli Stati Uniti permettono che i propri interessi nazionali siano compromessi per mancanza di volontà di fare «scelte dure e necessari investimenti». Propone quindi un ulteriore aumento della spesa militare statunitense (già oggi equivalente a un quarto del bilancio federale) nella misura netta del 3/5 per cento annuo, soprattutto per accrescere il dispiegamento di forze statunitensi (sottomarini, bombardieri strategici, missili a lungo raggio) nella Regione Indo-Pacifica dove «sono attivi quattro dei nostri cinque avversari (il quinto è l’Iran): Cina, Nord Corea, Russia e gruppi terroristi». La visione strategica che emerge dal rapporto congressuale – ancora più preoccupante se si pensa che la Commissione è formata pariteticamente da repubblicani e democratici – non lascia dubbi. Gli Stati Uniti – che dal 1945 hanno provocato con le loro guerre 20/30 milioni di morti (più centinaia di milioni causati dagli effetti indiretti delle guerre) per «costruire un mondo di inusuale prosperità, libertà e sicurezza, di cui essi hanno enormemente beneficiato» – sono disposti a tutto pur di conservare la «ineguagliata potenza militare» su cui basano il loro impero, che si sta sgretolando con l’emergere di un mondo multipolare. La Commissione congressuale (http://www.voltairenet.org/IMG/pdf/providing-for-the-common-defense-2.pdf) prospetta a tal fine scenari di aggressione agli Stati Uniti, i quali altro non sono che l’immagine speculare della strategia aggressiva, quella degli Usa, che rischia di portare il mondo alla catastrofe” (www.youtube.com/watch?v=iAp2tnWCWQg). Stesso copione russiafobico alla Nato, nel cuore dell’Europa, al nuovo quartier generale di Bruxelles che per forma e dimensioni ricorda gli artigli di una bestia apocalittica. “Un pericolo i missili russi”: lancia l’allarme il segretario generale della Nato, Jens Stoltenberg, in un’intervista al Corriere della Sera, a cura di Maurizio Caprara, tre giorni prima dell’«incidente» del Mar d’Azov che getta benzina sulla già incandescente tensione con la Russia. «Non ci sono nuovi missili in Europa. Però missili russi sì», premette Stoltenberg, tacendo due fatti, come scrive Manlio Dinucci. “Primo: a partire dal marzo 2020 gli Stati Uniti cominceranno a schierare in Italia, Germania, Belgio, Olanda (dove già sono schierate le bombe nucleari B-61) e probabilmente in altri paesi europei, la prima bomba nucleare a guida di precisione del loro arsenale, la B61-12, in funzione principalmente anti-Russia. La nuova bomba è dotata di capacità penetrante per esplodere sottoterra, così da distruggere i bunker dei centri di comando in un first strike. Come reagirebbero gli Stati uniti se la Russia schierasse bombe nucleari in Messico, a ridosso del loro territorio? Poiché l’Italia e gli altri paesi, violando il Trattato di non-proliferazione, mettono a disposizione degli Usa sia basi sia piloti e aerei per lo schieramento di armi nucleari, l’Europa sarà esposta a maggiore rischio quale prima linea del crescente confronto con la Russia”. In caso di attacco, all’Italia resterebbero 10 minuti di vita! “Secondo: un nuovo sistema missilistico Usa – ricorda Manlio Dinucci – è stato installati nel 2016 in Romania, e uno analogo è in corso di realizzazione in Polonia. Lo stesso sistema missilistico è installato su quattro navi da guerra che, dislocate dalla U.S. Navy nella base spagnola di Rota, incrociano nel Mar Nero e Mar Baltico a ridosso del territorio russo. Sia le installazioni terrestri che le navi sono dotate di lanciatori verticali Mk 41 della Lockheed Martin, i quali – specifica la stessa società costruttrice – possono lanciare «missili per tutte le missioni: sia SM-3 per la difesa contro i missili balistici, sia Tomahawk a lungo raggio per l’attacco a obiettivi terrestri». Questi ultimi possono essere armati anche di testata nucleare. Non potendo verificare quali missili vi siano realmente nei lanciatori avvicinati al territorio russo, Mosca dà per scontato che vi siano anche missili da attacco nucleare, in violazione del Trattato Inf che proibisce l’installazione di missili a gittata intermedia e corta con base a terra. Stoltenberg accusa invece la Russia di violare il Trattato INF, lanciando l’avvertimento: «non possiamo accettare che i trattati siano violati impunemente». Nel 2014, l’amministrazione Obama ha accusato la Russia, senza portare alcuna prova, di aver sperimentato un missile da crociera (SSC-8) della categoria proibita dal Trattato, annunciando che «gli Stati Uniti stanno considerando lo spiegamento in Europa di missili con base a terra», ossia l’abbandono del Trattato INF. Il piano, sostenuto dagli alleati europei della Nato è stato confermato dall’amministrazione Trump: nell’anno fiscale 2018 il Congresso ha autorizzato il finanziamento di un programma di ricerca e sviluppo di un missile da crociera lanciato da terra da piattaforma mobile su strada. Missili nucleari tipo gli Euromissili, schierati dagli Usa in Europa negli Anni Ottanta ed eliminati dal Trattato INF, sono in grado di colpire la Russia, mentre analoghi missili nucleari schierati in Russia possono colpire l’Europa ma non gli Usa. Lo stesso Stoltenberg, riferendosi agli SSC-8 che la Russia avrebbe schierato sul proprio territorio, dichiara che sono «in grado di raggiungere gran parte dell’Europa, ma non gli Stati Uniti». Così gli Stati Uniti «difendono» l’Europa. Grottesca infine l’affermazione di Stoltenberg che, attribuendo alla Russia «l’idea molto pericolosa di conflitti nucleari limitati», avverte: «Tutte le armi atomiche sono rischiose, ma quelle che possono abbassare la soglia per il loro uso lo sono particolarmente»”. È esattamente l’avvertimento lanciato da Putin, esperti militari e scienziati statunitensi a proposito delle B61-12 che stanno per essere schierate in Europa: «Armi nucleari di minore potenza e più precise aumentano la tentazione di usarle, perfino di usarle per primi invece che per rappresaglia». Perché il Corriere della Sera non li intervista? Le Guerre Umanitarie sono destinate a finire nel nuovo Anno Domini 2019 checché si proclami in quel di Roma (https://www.facebook.com/GiuseppeConte64/videos/2231689150189330/UzpfSTEwNTUyODQ0NTE6MTAyMTUxMjM5NDQ1MDYwNjM/) pur di violare la Costituzione Italiana e il Tricolore italiano. “La ministra della Difesa Elisabetta Trenta (M5S), ai microfoni di una radio musicale – ricorda Manlio Dinucci – ha intonato «C’era un ragazzo che come me amava i Beatles e i Rolling Stones», dicendo: «Questa canzone mi fa venire in mente il valore della pace, un valore inestimabile che dobbiamo preservare sempre». Una decina di giorni dopo, in divisa mimetica in Afghanistan, la ministra esaltava «la nostra presenza in armi fuori dai confini dell’Italia, guidata dai valori della nostra Costituzione, in una missione fondamentale per la pace». La missione è la Resolute Support (Appoggio Risoluto) iniziata dalla Nato in Afghanistan nel 2015 in prosecuzione dell’Isaf, missione Onu di cui la Nato aveva preso il comando con un colpo di mano nel 2003. Prosegue così la guerra Usa/Nato in Afghanistan, entrata nel 18esimo anno. Fu lanciata dagli Usa il 7 ottobre 2001 con la motivazione ufficiale di dare la caccia a Osama bin Laden, accusato degli attacchi dell’11 settembre, nascosto in una caverna afghana sotto protezione dei talebani. Quali fossero i reali obiettivi lo rivelava il Pentagono in un rapporto diffuso una settimana prima dell’inizio della guerra: «Esiste la possibilità che emerga in Asia un rivale militare con una formidabile base di risorse. Le nostre forze armate devono mantenere la capacità di imporre la volontà degli Stati Uniti a qualsiasi avversario, così da cambiare il regime di uno Stato avversario od occupare un territorio straniero finché gli obiettivi strategici statunitensi non siano realizzati». Nel periodo precedente l’11 settembre 2001 – scrive Dinucci – vi erano stati in Asia forti segnali di riavvicinamento tra Cina e Russia, che si concretizzavano quando, il 17 luglio 2001, veniva firmato il «Trattato di buon vicinato e amichevole cooperazione» tra i due paesi. Washington considerava il riavvicinamento tra Cina e Russia una sfida agli interessi statunitensi, nel momento critico in cui gli Usa cercavano di occupare il vuoto che la digregazione dell’Urss aveva lasciato in Asia centrale, area di primaria importanza sia per la sua posizione geostrategica rispetto a Russia e Cina, sia per le limitrofe riserve di petrolio e gas naturale del Caspio. Posizione chiave per il controllo di quest’area è quella afghana. Ciò spiega il forte impegno per una guerra costata solo agli Usa già oltre 1000 miliardi di dollari. Quella in corso viene presentata dalla Nato come «missione non di combattimento». Ma, in base agli stessi dati ufficiali, l’Aeronautica Usa ha sganciato sull’Afghanistan, nei primi dieci mesi del 2018, circa 6 mila bombe e missili”. Ovviamente nulla di tutto questo compare nei principali talk show italiani delle tv di Stato. “Oltre a caccia e droni armati, vengono usati i bombardieri pesanti B-52, dotati di lanciatori rotanti che accrescono di due terzi il già enorme carico bellico dell’aereo – osserva Dinucci – permettendogli di sganciare in una singola missione fino a 30 potenti bombe a guida di precisione. Oltre a quella visibile c’è la guerra nascosta, condotta dalle forze speciali Usa e alleate con il compito di assassinare capi talebani, o presunti tali, ed altri ritenuti pericolosi. Il risultato è disastroso per la Nato: mentre aumentano le vittime civili, i talebani guadagnano terreno. Alla guerra in Afghanistan partecipa sotto comando Usa l’Italia da oltre 15 anni, violando l’Articolo 11 della Costituzione”. Ovviamente nulla di tutto questo troverete nelle videoconferenze istituzionali ai militari italiani impegnati nei teatri operativi all’estero. “Il suo contingente è al terzo posto, su 39 partecipanti, dopo quelli statunitense e tedesco. Ufficiali italiani sono dislocati a Tampa presso il Comando Usa e in Bahrein quale personale di collegamento con le forze Usa. E mentre la guerra continua a mietere vittime, all’Orfanotrofio di Herat, comunica il nostro ministero della Difesa, militari italiani hanno consegnato circa duecento completini invernali ai «piccoli meno fortunati» (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tOckzCeZomk)”. In Italia cambiano i governi, i premier, gli amministratori delegati dei multinazionali. Ma c’è un componente costante sulla Terra, a cinque anni dalla sua ultima visita ufficiale. Vladimir Putin sarà nuovamente ospite d’onore nel Belpaese per parlare di tutto questo al Presidente del Consiglio, al Presidente della Repubblica e al Papa. Il Presidente russo ha accettato l’invito del premier Giuseppe Conte e “verrà a Roma nella prima metà dell’anno nuovo 2019”. Secondo Gianluca Savoini, presidente dell’Associazione Lombardia-Russia, “sarà molto importante la visita del Presidente Putin proprio perché si svolgerà in un clima di assurda contrapposizione creata a regola d’arte tra Unione Europea e Russia. Creata non dai popoli europei, ma dalle élite globaliste che controllano per ora la maggior parte dei governi degli stati europei. I cittadini europei non sono anti-russi, nonostante le “fake news” inventate da molti media manovrati dalle élite antipopolari (e antipopuliste). Da presidente dell’Associazione Lombardia-Russia e leghista auspico che dopo l’incontro tra Putin e il premier italiano Conte in Ottobre, la visita del leader russo in Italia possa rinforzare i tradizionali e storici buoni rapporti tra i due Paesi. Ricordo che nel 2014, Matteo Salvini, non ancora ministro, incontrò Putin insieme al sottoscritto proprio a Milano e da allora le relazioni tra Salvini e le istituzioni russe sono continue e all’insegna del dialogo, perché la Russia è un partner strategico fondamentale non solo per l’Italia, ma per tutta l’Europa”. Sullo scacchiere europeo, l’Italia rimane uno dei più̀ importanti partner economico-commerciali della Russia. “Normalmente, al termine di incontri di vertice internazionali, si siglano accordi economico-commerciali e sappiamo tutti che la Russia da sempre è il primo o il secondo partner commerciale italiano al di fuori della Ue. A Mosca accordi importanti sono già stati siglati ad Ottobre. Che le sanzioni danneggino terribilmente l’economia italiana, peraltro già in difficoltà, non lo dico io, ma importanti analisti finanziari e imprenditori del nostro Paese. Il presidente di Confindustria Russia, Ernesto Ferlenghi, il 17 Ottobre, davanti a Salvini (in visita a Mosca), ha ricordato come ogni giorno l’Italia perde 7 milioni di euro a causa delle sanzioni. Ogni giorno. Quindi abbiamo già perso miliardi di euro dal 2014 e sarebbe assurdo continuare su questa strada. Sono stato recentemente in Germania invitato ad alcune conferenze politiche e anche gli imprenditori tedeschi sono fermamente contrari al regime sanzionatorio contro la Russia. Stessa cosa in Francia, in Austria, in Ungheria. Vorrei anche sapere a cosa sono finora servite le sanzioni. Hanno risolto il problema ucraino? Non mi sembra proprio! Evidentemente servono a gruppi economico-finanziari internazionali che cercano di approfittare della spaccatura creata tra Russia ed Europa per vendere gas al posto dei russi. Si tratta quindi di motivazioni di esclusivo interesse finanziario, ipocritamente mascherato da motivazioni politiche fasulle”. Sono quattro anni che Salvini, con coerenza ma anche con coraggio, ripete questo pensiero. Vorrei citare le parole del vicepremier Matteo Salvini pronunciate nel corso della conferenza con la stampa estera: “Ribadisco l’inutilità dello strumento sanzioni nel 2018. Se fosse per me da solo o come movimento politico, non ci sarebbero state le sanzioni che sono un danno economico, culturale e sociale”. All’inizio era solo contro tutti, non solo in Italia. Adesso invece molti si accodano al suo giudizio, per fortuna. Bisogna attendere fiduciosi le Elezioni Europee di Maggio: se i partiti sovranisti e populisti otterranno il grande successo previsto, le sanzioni inevitabilmente cadranno, perché finalmente ci saranno politici nazionali che faranno gli interessi delle rispettive nazioni e non delle lobbies bancarie e finanziarie internazionali, come invece stanno facendo i vari Macron, Merkel, May e i loro partiti, peraltro attraversati al loro interno da importanti segnali di opposizione. Sulle posizioni del M5S non mi pronuncio, non mi sembrano particolarmente attenti alle questioni delle sanzioni attualmente, a differenza della Lega, ma questo argomento va chiesto direttamente a loro”. L’Ucraina sicuramente sarà un altro tema inevitabile. “Ero in Russia quel giorno e ho potuto vedere come i russi hanno definito questo episodio: una provocazione ben architettata per rinforzare, attraverso un sentimento nazionalista antirusso, la traballante posizione del presidente Poroshenko, che rischia di perdere le elezioni ucraine di marzo. Ho anche letto le dichiarazioni di tutti o quasi i governi europei che invece hanno criticato la Russia per l’arresto dei marinai ucraini entrati in acque russe senza avvisare Mosca. L’opinione pubblica però, ripeto, non si fa più gabbare da queste falsificazioni e i risultati delle elezioni in alcuni paesi europei lo hanno dimostrato. Hanno vinto sempre i partiti populisti che vedono nella Russia un alleato e non un nemico. Io vedo che ogni qual volta il presidente americano Trump cerca di instaurare una linea di “disgelo” verso Mosca (utilizzo volutamente un vocabolo da Guerra Fredda, perché i nostalgici, interessati, di quel periodo proliferano ovunque nell’establishment europeista attuale) gli agitano il “cappio” del russiagate. I grandi poteri economici che governano il mondo occidentale dalla caduta del Muro di Berlino e la fine dell’Urss non vogliono perdere il controllo e quindi fanno e faranno di tutto per impedire l’apertura ad Est. È talmente chiara una cosa del genere che io sono certo che si tratta soltanto di tempo, ma inevitabilmente il vecchio ordine costituito finirà e si aprirà una nuova era di interscambio proficuo tra Europa e Russia. Che avvantaggerà noi e voi. E l’Italia può veramente farsi promotrice di una nuova Pratica di Mare, come tentò di fare il governo Berlusconi nel 2002, mettendo allo stesso tavolo Putin, Bush (il presidente americano di allora) e la Nato che dovrebbe essere più attenta al Sud del mondo e non alla Russia, perché la minaccia alla nostra civiltà cristiana proviene dal terrorismo islamista e non certo dalla Russia, paese cristiano per eccellenza”. La russiafobia si alimenta di tutto. Anche dello “scontro” religioso costruito ad arte dai nemici del Cristianesimo. Il Patriarca di Mosca e di tutte le Russie, Sua Santità Kirill, ha descritto i risultati dell’ultimo “concilio unitario” del 15 Dicembre 2018 a Kiev come un “completo fallimento”, il cui risultato è stata la “illegittima legalizzazione anticanonica” dello scisma da parte del patriarca di Costantinopoli Bartolomeo. “È il fallimento totale del concilio unitario: non c’è stata alcuna unione, si sono solo riuniti gli scismatici, è stata l’illegittima legalizzazione anticanonica del Patriarca Bartolomeo, che non ha giurisdizione sul territorio ucraino”, dichiara la guida della Chiesa Ortodossa Russa in una riunione del Consiglio Supremo della Chiesa di Mosca. A Kiev lo scorso 15 Dicembre, su iniziativa del Presidente dell’Ucraina Petro Poroshenko e del patriarca Bartolomeo di Costantinopoli, si è svolto il “concilio unitario”, a cui hanno preso parte essenzialmente i rappresentanti delle strutture religiose non canoniche. Solo due vescovi della legittima Chiesa Ortodossa Ucraina si sono presentati, ma in seguito è stato vietato loro di celebrare le funzioni religiose. L’esito dell’evento a Kiev è stata l’elezione del capo della nuova “chiesa autocefala”, Epifanio Dumenko. La Chiesa Ortodossa Russa ha definito insignificante l’atto canonico del concilio di Kiev e pressochè impossibile il riconoscimento di Epifanio. Allo stesso tempo le autorità ucraine si aspettano ai primi di Gennaio 2019 di ricevere dal Patriarcato di Costantinopoli la consacrazione definitiva per l’autocefalia della nuova struttura religiosa. Il Consiglio episcopale della Chiesa Ortodossa Serba ha rifiutato di seguire la decisione del Patriarcato di Istanbul (ex Costantinopoli) relativa alla riabilitazione dei leader scismatici ucraini Filarete di Kiev e del metropolita Makariy. Il Consiglio ha reso pubblica la dichiarazione speciale sulla “Posizione della Chiesa Ortodossa Serba sulla crisi della chiesa in Ucraina dopo le recenti decisioni del Patriarcato di Costantinopoli. In primo luogo il Consiglio si rammarica che il Patriarcato di Costantinopoli abbia preso una decisione canonicamente irragionevole per riabilitare e riconoscere i due leader scismatici della chiesa ortodossa in Ucraina, Filarete di Kiev e il metropolita Makariy, insieme al loro clero”, si afferma nella dichiarazione. Si fa notare che “il Santo Concilio dei Vescovi ritiene che questa decisione del Sinodo di Costantinopoli non sia vincolante per la Chiesa Ortodossa Serba”. Le autorità di Kiev stanno cercando di ottenere l’autocefalia dal Patriarcato di Costantinopoli per la struttura ecclesiastica non canonica in Ucraina. A metà Ottobre il Patriarcato di Costantinopoli ha annunciato l’avvio di questa procedura. Il Sinodo della Chiesa Ortodossa Russa ha definito le azioni di Costantinopoli “scismatiche” e ha rotto i rapporti. Secondo il metropolita Hilarion, “Costantinopoli ha perso il diritto di definirsi il centro di coordinamento dell’Ortodossia”. La comunità fiorentina della Chiesa Ortodossa della Natività di Cristo e San Nicola, che faceva parte della giurisdizione del Patriarcato di Costantinopoli, ha completato il processo di passaggio verso la Chiesa Ortodossa Russa all’estero, ha dichiarato a Sputnik il priore della chiesa, l’arcidiacono Georgy Blatinsky. “Il processo di passaggio della nostra parrocchia nella giurisdizione della Chiesa Ortodossa Russa all’estero è stato completamente portato a termine, anche se non ho dubbi che questa decisione verrà ancora contestata. Tuttavia è incontestabile che nella riunione generale tenutasi in precedenza, dove quasi un centinaio dei nostri parrocchiani erano presenti, è stato deciso di passare alla Chiesa Ortodossa Russa all’estero e fare tutti i passi necessari”, ha detto il religioso. Secondo il quale, il motivo principale dietro a questa decisione è “nelle azioni contestate del Patriarcato di Costantinopoli, il cui sinodo l’11 Ottobre ha iniziato il processo di concessione dell’autocefalia alla chiesa non canonica in Ucraina e riabilitato i leader delle autoproclamate chiese ortodosse che erano esistite in Ucraina”. A seguito della decisione di Costantinopoli di concedere l’autorità alla Chiesa non canonica in Ucraina, il Sinodo della Chiesa ortodossa Russa il 15 Ottobre 2018 ha annunciato la rottura dei rapporti con il Patriarcato di Costantinopoli in tutto il territorio canonico della Chiesa Ortodossa Russa, inclusa l’Ucraina e la Bielorussia. Si cerca di allontanare la Russia dall’Europa e dall’Italia. Ma i nemici di Cristo non vi riusciranno, sebbene le immani sofferenze che attendono l’umanità saranno inevitabili visti i poteri in gioco. “Gli eventi nel mare d’Azov, nelle immediate vicinanze del Ponte di Kerch, che funziona perfettamente nonostante le previsioni catastrofiche di Kiev – scrive Giulietto Chiesa – hanno attirato i titoli di tutti i media occidentali verso un’area marittima su cui nessuno ha mai soffermato la sua attenzione. Il mainstream, che ignora platealmente, per esempio, la sanguinosa guerra nello Yemen, è diventato improvvisamente attentissimo sulla sorte dei marinai ucraini, in discrete condizioni fisiche, catturati dalla marina militare russa. Siamo di fronte a una delle infinite “stranezze” che stanno accentuando la “dissociazione cognitiva” di milioni di lettori/spettatori dei giornali e delle tv occidentali. I quali non riescono più a spiegarsi come mai quello che viene raccontato loro non corrisponde più, quasi per niente, alla logica e al buon senso. Ne è esempio fulgido il fatto che nessun giornale europeo, ma anche nessun giornale americano, ha riportato una notizia che, se fosse stata riferita al grande pubblico, avrebbe provocato sconcerto e terrore. In questo caso ha funzionato un criterio diverso da quello della menzogna. Ha funzionato il criterio del silenzio, che è ben più micidiale della menzogna, in quanto impedisce ogni possibile contestazione, reazione, emozione. La paura, infatti, nasce solo insieme al timore. Sta di fatto che pochi giorni fa, mentre era in preparazione il fantastico “venerdì nero” globale dei saldi di fine stagione, una commissione bipartisan del Congresso degli Stati Uniti – conferma Chiesa – ha varato un voluminoso rapporto a sostegno delle richieste del Pentagono che preludono a una gigantesca guerra degli Stati Uniti contro la Russia, o la Cina, o contro entrambe. Va notato che si è trattato di una commissione “bipartisan”, cioè formata da esponenti repubblicani e democratici. Tutti concordi ugualmente nell’accettare la proposta di ulteriori enormi investimenti militari in preparazione, appunto, di una tale guerra. Qualcuno potrebbe pensare che si tratti delle abituali manovre lobbystiche per trovare una spiegazione decente ai favori che i legislatori americani concedono ai loro finanziatori militari. Ma non è di questo che si tratta, per meglio dire non solo di questo. Il fatto è che la nuova dottrina della Strategia per la Sicurezza Nazionale del Pentagono rappresenta una svolta radicale rispetto alle teorie in vigore fino a ieri. Ora, dice il documento del Pentagono, “il centro focale primario non sarà più il terrorismo ma la competizione tra le grandi potenze”. È stata questa l’autostrada attraverso cui è transitato il più imponente aumento delle spese militari americane mai verificatosi negli ultimi 70 anni. Cioè gli Stati Uniti affermano che è in corso la preparazione per una guerra “imminente che coinvolgerà l’intera società” e che avrà effetti “devastanti” sulla popolazione americana. Il discorso è esplicito: “sarebbe poco saggio e irresponsabile non attendersi che i nemici cerchino di debilitare le forze mobili, quelle cyber, con ogni tipo di attacchi contro gli americani sulla loro terra, mentre cercano di sconfiggere il loro esercito all’estero”. È lo scenario di qualche cosa molto simile alla Terza Guerra Mondiale, che non sarà più combattuta tra eserciti, ma avrà come obiettivo l’annientamento della popolazione nemica. Il documento si spinge a descrizioni di impressionante realismo sugli effetti militari e civili di una tale guerra, dove “gli Stati Uniti dovranno fronteggiare combattimenti di una difficoltà senza precedenti e perdite immense, inconfrontabilmente più grandi di ogni esperienza bellica già affrontata” e dove “non si può escludere nemmeno che la guerra potrebbe anche essere perduta”. Non resta, di fronte a queste valutazioni, che porsi una domanda: ma non sarebbe più saggio lavorare per non farla, una guerra del genere? A quanto pare nessuno dei membri della commissione è stato in grado di porsela”. In attesa che gli Usa e la Nato tornino a più miti e ragionevoli putiniani consigli, un’altra divisione del più recente sistema missilistico antiaereo S400 Triumf entra in servizio in Crimea. Secono il capo del servizio stampa del distretto militare meridionale, Vadim Astafyev, “nel prossimo futuro, il nuovo complesso sostituirà il precedente sistema missilistico antiaereo”, specificando che ciò avverrebbe come parte del riarmo. I membri della Quarta Armata dell’Aeronautica militare e della difesa aerea russa hanno iniziato a preparare l’equipaggiamento per il trasporto verso la stazione di carico, da dove i sistemi antiaerei saranno trasferiti in treno fino al punto di schieramento permanente. Dove questo avverrà esattamente non è stato specificato. Recentemente, i primi lanci del sistema S400 sono stati condotti con successo in un poligono nella regione di Astrakhan: durante le simulazioni i sistemi hanno colpito bersagli a bassa quota, ad alta velocità e bersagli balistici. Il sistema di contraerea S400 Triumf è progettato per la difesa dai bombardamenti aerei dell’aviazione nemica, per neutralizzare i missili da crociera e tattico-balistici a medio raggio in condizioni di combattimento e guerra elettronica. Si vis pacem, para bellum, è il balbettio senza senso che si ode in Occidente. La Russia si difende (www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjzic0ankVs). Kalinka! Buon Anno Domini 2019.
© Nicola Facciolini